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however, existed in our setup. Firstly, the TENG was operated in a continuous rotation mode and no time interval existed between two voltage cycles. Secondly, the motor rotation speed of 600 RPM and 1000 RPM corresponds to a voltage frequency of 120 Hz and 200 Hz, i.e., a voltage cycle of 8.3 ms and 5 ms, respectively. In such cases, for nozzle sizes of 160 μm and 210 μm, more than one droplet was jetted within one TENG operation or voltage cycle. With a conventional power supply, a single voltage cycle with longer duration in the HV region gives more time for droplet ejection, and thus should have more droplets, which is contradictory to our experimental results. This is because of the unique characteristic of TENG, a power source with limited charge transfer. The output voltage of TENG when connected to a load is determined by the amount of charge transfer during the operation cycle and can be expressed as V=− 1 Q+VOC(z) (22) C(z) where C, z, Q and Voc are the equivalent capacitance, displacement, charge transfer and open-circuit voltage respectively.19 Meanwhile, it is the charge accumulation at the meniscus, rather the applied voltage, that directly triggers and is the root cause of the droplet ejection.218 Therefore, it makes more sense to explain the results from the perspective of charge transfer. The maximum charge transfer per TENG operation cycle is independent of the operation frequency but the rate of charge transfer depends on the frequency. With the boost circuit, non-ideal capacitors and diodes would consume more charges when the operation cycle is longer, resulting in less amount that can be used for the jetting process. Consequently, the more rapidly the TENG rotates, the more quickly the charges accumulate at the liquid meniscus, and thus the faster the droplets jet. 144PDF Image | HIGH PERFORMANCE TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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