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Through the controlled operation of the TENG, the emission voltage and the charge transfer per cycle can be tuned. By operating TENG with only ~40% of the original displacement, the total charge transfer was only ~160 nC and the maximum absolute voltage could only achieve ~150 V (Figure 57g). Through this method, the emission voltage and the charge transfer can be lowered simultaneously. By using additional capacitors in parallel, the total charge transfer keeps the same but the emission voltage decreases greatly. With an additional 1 nF capacitor in parallel, the maximum absolute voltage became about 160-180 V, while the charge transfer was maintained at about 400 nC (Figure 57h). However, if an additional 10 nF capacitor was connected, the voltage could only reach ~30 V, which is not high enough to power the effective field emission (Figure 57i). 5.3.2 Enhanced Safety of Using TENG as HV Source Various emission materials/structures have been reported to be destroyed during the field emission under HV,251, 252 which affects the long-term stability. As tested in our study, by gradually increasing the voltage provided by the DC-HV source to be ~280 V, the current suddenly increased with huge oscillations, as shown in Figure 58a. And then the voltage across the emitter could not be maintained at the set point. This indicates that the original structure inside the emitter might be destroyed by the HV. As observed in SEM in the insets of Figure 58a, some parts of the ZnO film with NW structures were exfoliated from the Si substrates, which made the two substrates electrically shorted at certain points. Since the charge transfer per cycle is limited for TENG, the HV produced by TENG can be safer for instrument.208 A partial voltage measurement method was used to estimate 154PDF Image | HIGH PERFORMANCE TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS
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