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Likewise, for the function category of Sensing as discussed at the end of section 2.2.1, control system concepts are selected to meet the engine needs as flowed down through functional decomposition. Let us consider the example of an inlet air temperature sensor (T2 sensor) that is needed as a basic input to schedule most ofthe engine operating parameters. In the days prior to the advent ofelectronic controls, a hydromechanical sensor concept (such as a helium-filled capillary tube) was utilized to sense inlet temperature. With the development of electronic controls, temperature sensing concepts switched almost exclusively to the use of dissimilar material junction devices such as a type K thermocouple. They were lighter in weight, less expensive, and more reliable than their hydromechanical counterparts were. As the use of on- board and off-board electronic systems such as RADAR electronic warfare systems became more widespread, the threat of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) drove yet another architectural change to T2 sensors. One problem with the electrical signal generated by dissimilar material junctions was that it was an extremely low voltage signal (in the millivolt range) and was therefore susceptible to EMI-induced electrical noise. The issue of inadequate signal-to-noise ratio could be solved by either reducing noise or boosting the signal level. Reducing electrical noise in an ever-worsening EMI environment by adding shielding became a very costly and heavy option. This precipitated the incorporation of a resistive thermal device (RTD) that produces a signal in the range of volts rather than millivolts. This type of device uses the concept of correlating the change in resistivity of a metal (e.g. a platinum winding) to its temperature. They have demonstrated adequate accuracy and excellent signal-to-noise ratios for moderate temperature ranges (below about 1000 F). For temperatures above this level, a thermocouple is still the sensor of choice. 48PDF Image | Improving Gas Turbine Engine Control System
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