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Improving Gas Turbine Engine Control System

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Improving Gas Turbine Engine Control System ( improving-gas-turbine-engine-control-system )

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expensive mainframe computers. This has led to substantial reductions in uncertainty of aerodynamically driven actuation load. However, significant uncertainty remains due to the immaturity of the CFD code and due to engine scheduling uncertainty. Recalling the discussion from section 2.1 on Newton's 2 "d Law, thrust is the product of mass and acceleration. Gas acceleration is heavily influenced by engine pressure ratio (EPR), which is controlled by exhaust nozzle area. Engine airflow and EPR are scheduled to satisfy the engine thrust specification while minimizing the impact on several other engine parameters such as rotor strain range and compression system surge margin. Engine scheduling is part of the engine's basic control laws that are implemented in the engine control software. As such, the software will continue to iterate throughout the engine design and ground test phases and will only be frozen during flight certification. Exhaust nozzle load uncertainty associated with engine scheduling might be substantial and difficult to estimate with any degree of accuracy. A complication factor associated with actuation loads in general is the fact that the actuation system design consists of two basic elements: actuator piston size and pump pressure. Both attributes represent "knobs" that can be turned during the system design process to optimize the system based on known constraints. The optimization process is discussed in greater detail in section 5.3. For the example of nozzle actuation load uncertainty, each component affecting actuator load capability should be assessed individually while holding the other components' attributes constant. This will allow determination ofrisk for all components affected by the uncertainty of this requirement. It is possible that some components will qualify as "high risk" while others do not. For example, observing the first two rows in Figure 5-1, actuator weight and product cost associated with nozzle actuation load uncertainty could be substantially more than the weight and product cost of the fuel pump, however the heat load associated with the 90

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