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1 Introduction The successful introduction of jet engines in civil aviation at the beginning of the 1960s brought the noise emissions of aeroplanes to the center of public attention. The newly introduced aeroengines were considerably louder compared to the formerly used propeller engines due to the noise emanated from the hot jet. In conjunction with an ever increasing air traffic rate - the trend coninuing to this date [3] - public perception was altered: Aircraft noise was no longer just con- ceived as a side-effect of technological progression, but as a nuisance to be dealt with [14, 33]. The introduction of local regulations at airports was a first counter measure in order to reduce the noise emissions of aircrafts and subsequently ensure the well- being of airport residents. Based on this principle, binding national noise regu- lations were enacted in many countries during the 1970s [33]. The International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) recognized this fact in 1971 by passing Annex 16 - Environmental Protection as an extension of the Chicago Convention. Annex 16 is separated into two volumes which detail the Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) set by the ICAO. The first volume deals with technical require- ments and procedures for the noise certification of aircraft [16], whereas the sec- ond volume contains specifications for aircraft emissions, including noise and pollutants [17]. Contrary to the national regulations, the ICAO annexes are not legally binding. All signees of the ICAO Convention, among which is Germany, however, pledge themselves to transfer the ICAO standards to national law in accordance with Ar- ticle 37 of the Chicago Convention. Recommended Practices, on the other hand, are merely recommendations that do not have to be implemented. Filing for a SARP discrepancy in the form of a supplement conformable to Article 38 of the Chicago Convention is possible under special circumstances. In any case, the SARPs of Annex 16 act as a certification foundation in international civil avia- tion, despite lacking international legal obligation [15]. 1PDF Image | Investigation of wing installation effects on the sound field of a model jet engine
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