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2 Theory This chapter deals with the theoretical basics needed for an adequate understand- ing of this thesis. Section 2.1 gives a brief introduction into the functionality of airbreathing jet engines with a more in-depth view on the working principle of turbofan engines that are commonly used in civil aviation. Jet engines, as their name implies, create a jet of hot and fast gas. The mixing procedure of this jet with the free stream, a phenomenon of fluid mechanics, is described in Sect. 2.2. The central part of this thesis is the noise emanated by the mixing of hot and cold jets. Section 2.3 provides an introduction into acoustics and discusses the various fundamentals and methods associated with it needed for this work. This Section also deals with SODIX, the noise source analysis method developed at DLR. 2.1 Jet Engines Airbreathing jet engines serve as a means to generate thrust in order to exert a sufficiently large, forward directed force to overcome air resistance, thus enabling flight. In accordance to Newton’s third axiom actio = reactio, the thrust is created by increasing the momentum ⃗I of the air passing through the engine, see Eq. 2.1, where m is the mass and ⃗c the speed of the air. The mass difference between in- let and outlet can be considered neglectable, as the fuel massflow is comparably small to the air flow. Therefore, the momentum can only be raised by increas- ing the speed of the in-coming gas. The outlet momentum has to be of greater magnitude than the inlet momentum at all times to generate a forward directed force [4]. ⃗I = m ·⃗c (2.1) The thrust force ⃗F is the time derivative of the momentum, Eq. 2.2. This relation is also called the principle of linear momentum in fluid mechanics [4]. ⃗ d⃗I F= dt = A ρ·⃗c(⃗c·⃗n)dA (2.2) 4PDF Image | Investigation of wing installation effects on the sound field of a model jet engine
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