JET ENGINE THEORY AND DESIGN

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JET ENGINE THEORY AND DESIGN ( jet-engine-theory-and-design )

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the blades in the rotor disc rims vary in different designs. They commonly fit into discs by either bulb (Figure 1-20) or fir-tree (Figure 1-21) type roots. The blades then lock by grub screws, peening, locking wires, pins, or keys. The stator has rows of blades or vanes dovetailed into split rings and attached inside an enclosing case. The stator vanes project radially toward the rotor axis and fit closely on either side of each stage of the rotor. Compressor blade tips reduce in thickness by cutouts, and are referred to as blade “profiles.” These profiles allow rubbing when rotor blades come into contact with the compressor housing or shroud without serious damage. This condition may occur if rotor blades become excessively loose or by reduction of rotor support by a malfunctioning bearing. Even though blade profiles reduce such chances, occasionally a blade may break under duress of rubbing and cause considerable damage to compressor blades and stator vane assemblies. The blades vary in length from entry to discharge. The annular working space (drum to casing) reduces progressively toward the rear by the increase in the rotor drum diameter. The rotor may feature either drum-type or disc-type construction. The entire assembly is held together by through-bolts, tie-bolts, or bolted individually to one another. The drum-type rotor (Figure 1-22) is machined from a single aluminum alloy forging. Dovetail grooves are machined around the circumference of the drum for blade retention. Provisions for bearing supports and splined drive shafts are on the front and rear faces of the drum. The disc- type rotor consists of separately machined discs and spacers Figure 1-20 — Bulb root-type rotor blades. Figure 1-22 — Drum-type compressor rotor. flanged to fit one against the other in sequence. Blades may be attached to the disc rim by the dovetail or bulb design. Similar provisions to those on the drum-type assembly are made for bearing supports and splined drive shafts. Another method of rotor construction is to machine the discs individually, and shrink fit the discs over a steel drive shaft (heating the disc and freezing the shaft to assemble the rotor). However, this type of compressor construction is only satisfactory for compressors where rotor and centrifugal stresses are relatively low. The drum and disc- type rotor assemblies (Figures 1-22 and 1-23). Figure 1-21 — Fir-tree root-type rotor blades. 1-15

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