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rotational loads. Heavy loads that require multiple-stage turbine wheels often make it advantageous to use multiple rotors. Shafts are bolted to the appropriate turbine on one end and at the other end to the unit requiring the kinetic energy. Typical examples of this situation are split compressors or propellers, or a gas generator for helicopters. In each of these situations, the turbine for each of the rotors may have one or more stages. In the single-rotor turbine, the power is developed by one rotor. All engine-driven parts are driven by this single wheel; this arrangement uses engines where the need for low weight and compactness predominates. The single-rotor turbine may be either single or multiple stages. In the multiple-rotor turbine, the power is developed by two or more rotors. It is possible for each turbine rotor to drive a separate part of the engine. For example, a triple-rotor turbine may be so arranged that the first turbine drives the rear half of the compressor and the accessories. The second turbine drives the front half of the compressor, and the third turbine furnishes power to a propeller shown in Figure 1-40. The turbine rotor arrangement for a dual rotor turbine, such as required for a split-spool compressor, is similar to the arrangement shown in Figure 1-40. The difference is in the use of the third turbine for a propeller. The remaining element of the turbine is the turbine casing or housing. The turbine casing encloses the turbine wheel and the nozzle vane assembly. It gives either direct or indirect support to the stator elements of the turbine section. It always has flanges to provide for the front and rear bolting of the assembly to the combustion chamber housing and the exhaust cone assembly, respectively. Figure1-41 shows a turbine casing. EXHAUST SECTION Figure 1-40 — Triple-rotor turbine arrangement. The exhaust section of the turbojet engine is made up of several parts, each of which has its individual functions. Although the parts have individual purposes, they also have one common function. They must direct the flow of hot gases rearward in such a manner as to prevent turbulence, while causing a high final or exit velocity to the gases. In performing the various functions, each of the parts affects the flow of gases in different ways, as described in the following paragraphs. The exhaust section is directly behind the turbine section. It ends with the ejection of gas at the rear in the form of a high-velocity jet. The parts of the exhaust section include the exhaust cone, tailpipe (if required), and the exhaust, or jet nozzle. Each of these parts is discussed individually so the exhaust section will be quite familiar to you. The exhaust cone collects the exhaust gases discharged from the turbine assembly and gradually converts them into a solid jet. During this operation, the velocity of the gases will decrease slightly, and the pressure will increase. This is caused by the diverging passage between the outer duct and the inner cone. The annular area between the two unit’s increases rearward as shown Figure 1-42. 1-27 Figure 1-41 — Turbine casing assembly.PDF Image | JET ENGINE THEORY AND DESIGN
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