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blanket contains fiberglass as the low-conductance material and aluminum foil as the radiation shield. The blanket is covered to prevent its becoming soaked with oil. The heat shroud type of configuration consists of a stainless steel envelope enclosing the exhaust system (Figure 1-46). There are two types of jet nozzle design. They are the converging design, used on most freed-area nozzles for subsonic velocities, and the converging/diverging design, for supersonic gas velocities. The fixed-area type is the simpler of the two jet nozzles, since there are no moving parts. It is attached to either a tailpipe or exhaust cone, and any adjustment in nozzle area is mechanical. Adjustments in a fixed-area nozzle are sometimes necessary because the size of the exit orifice will directly affect the operating temperature of the engine. There are several ways to adjust a fixed-area nozzle. One method is to trim or cut away strips from the conical section of the exhaust nozzle, provided, of course, the temperature was too high. If the inlet temperature is too low, a nozzle of less area is used to replace the inadequate one. Another method of reducing the nozzle area is to use inserts. The inserts fit inside a joggled retainer held in place by two screws. Usually a set of 10 inserts of various curvatures is provided with each aircraft. NOTE All advanced-technology engines now used by the Navy have state-of the-art electronic parts that eliminate the need for physically changing the exhaust nozzle area. NOTE The exhaust or jet nozzle gives to the exhaust gases the all-important final boost in velocity. The jet nozzle, like the tailpipe, is not a part of the basic power plant, but is supplied as a part of the airframe. The nozzle attaches to the rear of the tailpipe if there is a need. It is attached to the rear flange of the exhaust duct if a tailpipe is not necessary. There are basically two types of jet nozzles—fixed-area and variable-area. The different size inserts allow a total change of 10 square inches in nozzle area in 1-inch increments. Thus, with experience, a mechanic can run the engine at maximum speed with one combination of inserts, check the temperature, and substitute another combination to make up a temperature deficiency or remedy an excess temperature situation. The variable-area nozzle at the exhaust exit is automatic. A very important use of this type of nozzle is to increase the exit area during afterburning. The segment-type nozzle area opens and closes by individual overlapping sliding segments See Figure 1-47. Some engines use the inner and outer-flap variable nozzle assembly, shown in Figure 1-48. The assembly has an internal primary nozzle with sectional flaps and an external secondary nozzle with sectional flaps. The flaps of the primary nozzle are hinged to the rear of the tailpipe. The secondary nozzle is secured by a stationary supporting shroud, on which the pivot points for the flap-operated mechanisms are located. The flaps are slotted to permit thermal expansion and are mounted onto the tailpipe. The flaps are controlled by four synchronized hydraulic actuators. 1-30PDF Image | JET ENGINE THEORY AND DESIGN
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