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An Overview of Military Jet Engine History 99 of a gas turbine based on an axial-flow compressor and turbine ar- rangement, with the blades acting as airfoils. Griffith envisioned such an engine being used to power a propeller. Some basic research was conducted to determine if this concept would work, but progress on it was slow (Gunston, 1989). The key early British pioneer, however, was Frank Whittle, a Royal Air Force (RAF) pilot and engineer, who in 1929 began focusing on the concept of a gas turbine engine that used jet propulsion as opposed to one that was used to turn a propeller to power aircraft. Neverthe- less, he based his concepts on a centrifugal-flow compressor similar to those used in turbochargers, rather than on the modern axial-flow concept put forward by Griffith. At this time, Whittle’s concept was more feasible than Griffith’s given existing technology. In 1935, Whittle obtained venture capital from a private investment-banking firm and began building his first proto- type engine on his own time. By 1937, Whittle was conducting suc- cessful bench tests of his prototype Whittle Unit engine. By that time, Griffith had become convinced that compressor and turbine tech- nology had made sufficient progress to permit further development of his axial-flow concept. By mid-1937, Sir Henry Tizard, an influen- tial scientist serving in the RAF, recommended government support for development of gas turbine aero engines. Whittle began receiving small amounts of RAF funding. In June 1939, just a few months before the Nazi invasion of Poland, he demon- strated a more advanced bench prototype for David Pye, the RAF di- rector of scientific research. Pye was extremely impressed, and as a result, the UK government decided to support a major effort for the development of an aircraft jet engine. In July 1939, Whittle’s small company called Power Jets received a promise of large-scale gov- ernment funding for the development of an operational jet engine for flight. A few months after the beginning of the war, Gloster Air- craft won a government contract to develop the aircraft that would use Whittle’s new engine. That aircraft became the Gloster Meteor.1 Finally, a major engine company became impressed with Whittle’s work and in June 1939, Rolls-Royce hired Griffith to begin major de- ______________ 1See St. Peter (1999) and A Tribute to a Cambridge Engineering Student ... (1998).PDF Image | Military Jet Engine Acquisition Technology Basics and Cost-Estimating Methodology
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