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Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis Framework Development - rather than employing a sophisticated 3D climate model. 2.3.3.5 Noise This module uses thermodynamic data from the engine performance module, detailed engine component geometry from the engine dimensions and weights module, and aircraft geometry and flap settings during take-off and approach. These data are used for calculating the noise produced, by all major sources, for the main ICAO noise certification points i.e sideline, flyover/cutback, and ap- proach. The trajectory points as well as the relevant times required to reach each point, are fixed, and therefore improvements in aircraft take-off performance are not accounted for. Heat exchanger, auxiliary nozzle effects and combustion noise for lean burning concepts are not considered, but airframe noise is accounted. A cumulative EPNL (Effective Perceived Noise Level) figure is calculated ac- cording to the ICAO Annex 16 certification procedures and compared against the certification limits [66]. The resulting margin is fed to the optimiser and at the end of the calculation procedure the design will be judged for its feasibility. 2.3.3.6 Economics This module calculates the DOC (Direct Operating Costs) for the engine/aircraft combination over a given time period using a large amount of data from all up- stream modules in the TERA2020 sequence. Various elements can be accounted for including: • Aircraft utilisation times • Inflation • Fuel price volatility • Lifing considerations • Noise, CO2 and NOx taxes The maintenance part of the DOC depends mainly on production cost and time between overhaul calculations. Time between overhaul calculations involve a 27PDF Image | Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems
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