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System uncertainty due to thermo-fluid modelling Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis Table 4.3: Comparison of various calculation methods for compression from the fully rigorous approach. Calculation method Constant cold end Cp and γ Mean Cp and γ Cp and γ at mean component temperature Fully rigorous approach Assumptions: ∆Tc,out [K]∗ -15.8 3.7 1.1 Ref. ∆PWc [%]∗ -0.61 0.59 0.58 Ref. PRc = 10.65 and no bleeds ∗Relative to the fully rigorous approach result of Cp and γ, but evaluated at the mean component temperature. This calculation is generally easy to perform without a computer and will yield inaccuracies of just a few [K] in temperature calculations. The fully rigorous calculations will involve the use of the fundamental defini- tions of specific enthalpy and entropy and will give results whose inaccuracy is primarily dependent on the uncertainty of the ideal gas assumption and the tech- nical model used for calculating caloric properties. The authors of reference [88] state that the uncertainty level in calculations using the fully rigorous approach is approximately 0.25%, for moderate pressures and temperatures, but give no explanation. This type of calculations is fundamental for gas turbine simulation software since errors of even a few [K] may be considered unacceptable during the conceptual design phase. As a calculation method it is certainly more cum- bersome and consequently, for educational purposes, a simpler method is often sought. Nevertheless, Kurzke [193] provides a simple way of using rigorous cal- culation procedures i.e. enthalpy and entropy instead of Cp and γ, for teaching students gas turbine theory. A comparison of the constant Cp and γ methods, relative to the fully rigorous approach, is presented in Table 4.3 for a compression calculation. The relatively small error in the calculation of compression power implies that the error propa- gation in the expansion calculations for a gas turbine system should also be small. Although, on one hand this could be true (for the expansion process only), it Dry air (CEA [188]), Tc,in = 351.2 [K] Pc,in = 110.1 [kPa] ηc,is = 0.863 86PDF Image | Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems
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