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System uncertainty due to thermo-fluid modelling Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis approximately double the required computational time. Using a fluid model that calculates thermodynamic properties at species level - rather than working medium level, as would be the typical case with fluid tables - can be considered a sensible choice if the effects of utilising different working mediums and/or al- ternative fuels are to be taken into account rigorously. Potential computational time trade-offs should not be ignored however when considering radical design space exploration as simulations can last from a few hours to a few days. 4.5 Uncertainty for common technical models Various technical models used for calculating caloric properties based on the ideal gas assumption are compared in Fig. 4.2. Many professional gas turbine performance simulation codes used in industry and research institutes have in- corporated NASAs CEA code [188] for calculating thermodynamic properties. This model has therefore been set as the baseline for comparison with the other technical models. Four technical models have been used for the purpose of this comparison: the Walsh and Fletcher 8th order polynomials [88], a special li- brary developed for the TERA2020 engine performance module referred to here as EVA ThermoLib, the GRI-Mech [192] library ,and an older set of 4th order polynomials used with NASAs CEA code up to 1994 [187]. An oscillating deviation from CEA calculated values can be observed for the models described in references [187,192], as well as EVA ThermoLib. This is consistent with the fact that the later three are using 4th order polynomials based on the CHEMKIN-II format while CEA is using more recent seven-term functions. The Walsh and Fletcher polynomials are only valid up to 2000 [K], for which range they show close agreement with CEA results. Caloric properties evaluated for temperatures beyond this threshold will deviate significantly and can be completely inconsistent with values calculated with the other models and the expected trends. There is currently no conclusive study in the gas turbine literature, known to the author, that compares and ranks the various technical models discussed in this paper in terms of accuracy. Therefore, the assumption shall be made that none of the presented models is any better than the rest, within their respected range of validity. Hence, the uncertainty in calculating the isobaric heat capac- 88PDF Image | Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems
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