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Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis System uncertainty due to thermo-fluid modelling Figure 4.12: Deviation of turbine outlet temperature for values calculated for chemical equilibrium from no dissociation values. peratures (T4) less than 2100 [K] the inclusion of dissociation effects alters the temperature by less than 1 [K]. Their results were based on a simplified dis- sociation model that ignored NOx and OH formation. It can be seen through Fig. 4.11 that when a more rigorous version of the reaction steps is considered then the results are significantly different. The actual temperature difference for combustor outlet temperatures of 2100 [K] can be as much as 20 [K], if full chemical equilibrium is considered. It can be concluded that dissociation effects in heat addition calculations become first noticed at 1500 [K], and significant at 1800 [K]. Also, increasing pressure will tend to reduce the effects of dissociation for temperatures greater than 2300 [K]. Ignoring dissociation effects in expansion calculations can also result in signifi- cant errors. Taking a work requirement (PW) of 36 [MW] and a FAR of 0.034, expansion calculations were performed for a range of turbine inlet temperatures (T41), both with and without accounting for the effects of dissociation. As il- lustrated in Fig. 4.12, dissociation effects in expansion calculations become first noticed at 1500 [K], and significant at 1800 [K]. The actual difference in tur- bine outlet temperature (T43) for inlet temperatures of 1800 [K] was found to be nearly 7 [K]. It must be noted, that when dissociation effects were taken into account, full chemical equilibrium was assumed as an ideal scenario, for both head addition and expansion calculations. In practice however, insufficient residence times and 97PDF Image | Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems
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