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System uncertainty due to thermo-fluid modelling Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis on caloric properties of working mediums for gas turbines, have been presented. The working mediums examined include dry air and combustion products for various fuels and H/C ratios. The errors induced by ignoring dissociation effects have also been discussed. The uncertainty induced in calculations by a) using common technical models for evaluating fluid caloric properties and b) ignoring dissociation effects was examined at three different levels: i) component level, ii) engine level, and iii) aircraft system level. Essentially, an attempt was made to shed light on the trade-off between improving the accuracy of a fluid model and the accuracy of a multi-disciplinary simulation at aircraft system level, against computational time penalties. The validity of the ideal gas assumption for future turbofan engines and novel propulsion cycles was discussed. The main findings can be summarised as follows: • In general, dissociation becomes first noticed at 1500 [K], and significant at 1800 [K]. • Using constant values of isobaric heat capacity and γ, instead of fully rig- orous calculations, can result in large calculation errors, and even in the prediction of wrong trends. It should therefore be avoided even for crude estimates within the educational procedure. • The uncertainty of various technical models for evaluating the isobaric heat capacity was found to be considerably high (0.3%). This uncertainty is within the same order of magnitude as the uncertainty induced by not modelling real gas effects in modern gas turbine engines. • For combustion products of natural gas dedicated tables or polynomials should be used. Errors in evaluating the isobaric heat capacity can be as much as 4%, if the tables or polynomials used were originally produced for combustion products of Jet-A. • Errors induced by not accounting for dissociation effects in velocity and effective flow area calculations, for military afterburners or high OPR com- bustors, are significant. For heat addition and expansion calculations, the errors are also significant at temperatures greater than 1800 [K]. • The effects of dissociation on major performance parameters during design- point and off-design performance calculations are significant. 104PDF Image | Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems
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