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Low pressure system component advancements Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis 5.3.4 Example of capturing technology progress In this work, the LPT stage loading coefficient, ψ, is defined as: ψ= ∆h (5.5) 12 · U 2 where ∆h is the enthalpy drop and U the blade speed. The Zweifel number, Z, quantifies high lift blading and is used to determine the number of blades for a given blade row through the expression: Z = 2 · H · Sc · cos2 α2 · (tan α1 − tan α2) (5.6) H is the blade height, S is the blade pitch and c is the blade chord. The α1 and α2 represent inlet and outlet flow angles respectively. Through the Zweifel number blade lift will relate to blade numbers which will relate to LPT weight which gives engine weight and finally through TERA2020 a block fuel estimate is obtained. An example of how TERA2020 can be used to capture technology progress is given in Fig. 5.4. The cross sectional images of a three spool ultra-high bypass ratio turbofan configuration with a direct drive fan are given for two levels of technology; year 2000 entry into service and year 2020 entry into service with VITAL low pressure system technology incorporated. Performance data is in both instances set to represent technology levels expected to be available for year 2020 entry into service engines. Note that some parts of the shafts as well as bearings are omitted in the two figures although they are included in the total weight estimate. Note also that the tool estimates technology improvement both in the core and the low pressure system. The two cross sectional drawings illustrate the level of detail of the output pro- duced by TERA2020 while performing cycle optimization; the need for advanced low pressure turbine aerodynamics becomes critical for engines of low specific thrust, and hence low fan pressure ratio and corresponding rotational speeds. The conventional LPT operates with a stage loading coefficient of 4.5 resulting 126PDF Image | Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems
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