Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems

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Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems ( multi-disciplinary-conceptual-design-future-jet-engine-syste )

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Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis Assessment of core technologies and concepts raising T4 at cruise by as much as 200 [K], while using the variable geometry to control the engine thrust can result in an SFC benefit of more than 2% (black continuous lines). This SFC reduction, at constant specific thrust (and hence approximately constant propulsive efficiency), comes from the improvement of the engine’s thermal efficiency. A short discussion on the effect of elevated cruise temperatures on HPT life is given in the NOx emissions assessment section. It can also be observed in Fig. 6.10 that running the exact same engine design without utilising the variable geometry results in a significantly less efficient operation of the engine (red dotted line). A re-optimised cycle at constant specific thrust - considering cruise SFC as well as engine weight - could help reduce the SFC deficit, but the benefits from higher cruise T4 levels are still evident; the optimum thrust for aircraft-engine matching tends to lie very close to the right hand side of the SFC loop. This makes variable geometry a key factor to a performance optimised intercooled recuperated aero engine; essentially the cycle can be optimised for cruise SFC by reducing the LPT inlet area (i.e. LPT capacity) at these conditions, while a sufficient level of thrust can be maintained at top of climb by opening up the turbine nozzles. For the same TOC design point, reducing the LPT inlet area by 20% at mid- cruise, while maintaining a constant thrust, has the following major off-design performance effects: 1. T4 increases by as much as 200 [K] in order to maintain constant thrust. 2. HPT blade metal temperature increases by more than 130 [K], but is still cooler than the TOC metal temperature. 3. BPR increases significantly at a nearly constant fan mass flow and pressure ratio. 4. IPC corrected mass flow and pressure ratio drops. 5. IC mass flow ratio (Wcold/Whot) and hence effectiveness increase, but tem- perature change drops. 6. HPC corrected mass flow and pressure ratio increases. 7. OPR reduces. 141

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