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Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis Towards the optimal 2020 ducted turbofan 7.3.2 Intercooled core The sensitivity analysis for the intercooled core configuration is illustrated in Fig. 7.19. The influence of the low pressure system component technology on performance is less marked for the intercooled core configuration compared to the conventional core; the difference in the exchange rates is directly proportional to the difference in specific thrust between the two optimal designs. The efficiency of the IPC and IPT has a significantly smaller influence on block fuel, compared to the conventional core configuration, which reflects the signifi- cantly smaller pressure ratio placed on the Intermediate Pressure (IP) shaft. On the other hand, the efficiency of the HPC and HPT has a similar influence on block fuel, compared to the conventional core configuration, despite the signif- icantly larger pressure ratio placed on the HP shaft. This can be explained by the fact that intercooling significantly reduces HP compression work. As can be observed, intercooler pressure losses have a significant effect on block fuel. Losses in the intercooler hot stream are more important compared to losses in the cold stream, while losses in the cold stream become increasingly important as the intercooled mass flow ratio (W132Q25) increases. Failure to achieve the intercooler pressure loss targets set can significantly reduce the projected block fuel benefits for the intercooled core configuration. 7.4 Conclusion The results from the optimisation process show that the optimal specific thrust for the intercooled core is higher compared to the conventional core turbofan engine; this is mainly attributed to the HPC last stage blade height requirement limiting core size and fan diameter. Although the high OPR intercooled core benefits from a higher core and transmission efficiency, and hence a better ther- mal efficiency, the conventional core benefits from a higher propulsive efficiency. As a remedy to this, the introduction of a geared fan arrangement is proposed. An aft fan arrangement could probably reduce the optimal specific thrust level significantly; the disruptive elements associated with such an arrangement how- ever, would make 2020 an ambitious target for entry into service. Furthermore, cooling requirements for struts in the mid-frame could potentially negate some 173PDF Image | Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems
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