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Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis Conclusion isothermal compression process is to be considered significant calculation errors should be expected. • The developed tool, can be successfully used for quantifying the impact of failing to deliver specific component improvements in terms of power plant noise and CO2 emissions. The exchange rates presented essentially provide the means for making estimates of the relative merits of future technology investment for particular engine architectures. • Thereissignificantpotentialinimprovingtheperformanceofheat-exchanged cycles through variable geometry. Care should be taken though with re- spect to the need to carry out the high pressure compressor aerodynamic design at different engine operating conditions, compared to normal prac- tice. • Aggressive turbofan designs that reduce CO2 emissions can increase the production of NOx emissions due to the higher flame temperatures and pressures encountered. The introduction of lean-burn combustion in con- ventional and heat-exchanged cycles can help keep cruise and LTO NOx emissions at acceptable levels. Furthermore, combining lean-burn combus- tion technology with variable geometry for an intercooled cycle demon- strates significant benefits in terms of LTO NOx reduction. • The optimal specific thrust for an intercooled core with a direct drive fan is higher compared to a conventional core configuration. Although a high OPR intercooled core benefits from a higher core and transmission effi- ciency, and hence a better thermal efficiency, the conventional core benefits from a higher propulsive efficiency. As a remedy to this, the introduction of a geared fan arrangement is proposed. An aft fan arrangement could probably reduce the optimal specific thrust level significantly; the disrup- tive elements associated with such an arrangement however, would make 2020 an ambitious target for entry into service. Furthermore, cooling re- quirements for struts in the mid-frame could potentially negate some of the thermal efficiency benefits predicted for the intercooled core. Overall, it can be concluded that considerable benefits in terms of block fuel are expected from heat exchanged cores, with year 2020 entry into service level of technology, compared to conventional core turbofan engines for long range appli- cations. These benefits are highly dependent on achieving technology 177PDF Image | Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems
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