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Sammanfattning Nanomekanik a ̈r annorlunda a ̈n den mekanik vi upplever i vardagen. I nanoskalan, som definieras som storleksomra ̊det 1 -100 nanometer, a ̈r vissa fenomen viktiga medandessaheltkanfo ̈rsummasidensto ̈rreskalanivardagslivet.Tillexempelhar evolutionen pa ̊ nanoskalan designat en gekkoo ̈dlas fo ̈tter sa ̊ att de har en sa ̊ kraftig vidha ̈ftning till omgivningen att gekkon kan ga ̊ omkring i taket. Tittar man pa ̊ den lilla skalan finner man att materien a ̈r diskret och att beskrivning av fenomen i dennaskalakra ̈verkvantmekanik.O ̈verga ̊ngarmellankvantniva ̊erdo ̈ljsdockofta vid rumstemperatur av termiska vibrationer hos systemet. Na ̈r tva ̊ ytor na ̈rmar sig varandra och kommer i kontakt kan elektrostatiska krafter och van der Waalskrafter orsaka omfo ̈rdelning av materia pa ̊ nanoniva ̊. En effekt som kan upptra ̈da vid kon- takt mellan tva ̊ ytor a ̈r den triboelektriska effekten vid vilken det sker o ̈verfo ̈ring av laddning fra ̊n den ena ytan till den andra. Denna effekt kan anva ̈ndas fo ̈r att generera elektrisk energi i triboelektriska nanogeneratorer (TENG:s) da ̈r tva ̊ ytor omva ̈xlande fo ̈rs ihop och dras isa ̈r. Denna avhandling behandlar nanomekanik med fokus pa ̊ om kvantmekaniken spelar en viktig roll vid elastisk deformation och a ̈ven olika mekaniska aspekter hos nanokontakter inklusive elektrisk uppladdning. Ma ̊lsa ̈ttningen a ̈r att bidra till kun- skap om na ̈r kvanteffekter a ̈r viktiga i nanoskalan och att o ̈ka den grundla ̈ggande fo ̈rsta ̊elsen fo ̈r triboelektriska fenomen samt att tilla ̈mpa den triboelektriska effekten fo ̈r en vinddriven energiutvinnande apparat. Fo ̈r att fa ̊ ba ̈ttre fo ̈rsta ̊else om kvanteffekter a ̈r betydelsefulla i nanomekanik har vi gjort en endimensionell fri elektronmodell och anva ̈nder vanlig balkteori fo ̈r att bera ̈kna fja ̈derkonstanten fo ̈r en nanotra ̊d utgo ̈rande en sva ̈ngande bladfja ̈der. Na ̈r nanotra ̊den bo ̈js kommer fler elektrontillsta ̊nd att passa i tra ̊dens tva ̈rsnittsyta vilket ger upphov till en amplitudberoende resonansfrekvens hos tra ̊den. Dessutom har vi utvecklat en modell fo ̈r elektriskt fa ̈ltinducerad ytdiffusion av adatomer. Modellen tar ha ̈nsyn till elektrostatiska krafter samt till van der Waal- skrafter na ̈r en spa ̈nning pa ̊la ̈ggs mellan en spets i ett sveptunnelmikroskop och en provyta. Den bera ̈knade kraften pa ̊ adatomerna pa ̊ provets yta - vilken kommer av det inhomogena elektriska fa ̈ltet och adatomernas dipolmoment - a ̈r relativt liten, men pa ̊ grund av de termiska vibrationerna kan adatomerna a ̈nda ̊ diffundera och bilda en kulle under tippen. viiPDF Image | Nanomechanics Quantum Size Effects, Contacts, and Triboelectricity
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