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INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES Students will • Recognize that gas temperature and gas volume are directly proportional • Evaluate energy available in different compounds • Recognize the need for oxygen in combustion NATIONAL SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARD B Chemical reactions • Chemical reactions may release or consume energy. Some reactions, such as burning fossil fuels, release large amounts of energy by giving off heat and emitting light. • In gases, molecules or atoms move almost independently of each other and are mostly far apart. INTRODUCTION Charles’s Law relates to changes in temperature and volume of an ideal gas when the pressure is held con- stant. In real piston and turbine engines, the pressure does not remain constant and Charles’s law does not really apply. A much more complex relationship between temperature and volume exists in real engines. As a first approximation, however, it is assumed that the pressure is constant in the problems below and apply Charles’s law. For another example of how these are related, see the Web site below: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/compexp.html Example Problem: If 10.0 L of gas (air) enters a piston engine at a temperature of 25 oC and comes out the exhaust pipe at a temperature of 300 oC, how many liters of gases would exit, just considering the effects due to the temperature change? Solution: a. First, all gas problems need to be solved using absolute temperature, so adding 273 to 25 oC gives 298 K and adding 273 to 300 oC gives 573 K. b. Now use Charles’s law. Since volume = b where b is a constant, x=19.2L Charles’s Law old volume old temperature V =V 12 = temperature new volume new temperature 10.0L= xL 298 K 573 K T T 12 Pushing the Envelope: A NASA Guide to Engines 31 CHEMISTRYPDF Image | NASA Guide to Engines
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