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PROBLEMS 1. Upon landing, the temperature of the nitrogen gas in the shuttle’s main tire is raised from –45 to 130 oC, mostly due to friction from braking and from the runway. (a) Find the new pressure of the nitrogen gas. (b) If the shuttle tire has a failure pressure of 5000 psi, how hot would the nitrogen have to be to blow the tire from internal pressure? 2. When an airliner flies at high altitude, conditions inside the plane change dramatically. Go to this Web site and find out the outside pressure and temperature of a 737 cruising at 500 mph at an altitude of 40,000 ft. http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/atmosi.html Would anyone be able to survive under these conditions? NO: People would die of oxygen depravation and would freeze to death. To correct this, the cabin of the plane is pressurized and heated. Air is bled from the compressor in the jet engines and fed into the cabin. Since pressure and temperature are directly proportional, raising the gas pressure in the engine’s compressor also raises the temperature. The bleed of air is at a pres- sure of 29.3 atm and a temperature of 649 °C (1200 oF). If introduced directly into the cabin, this would ser- iously “distress” the passengers, so it must be changed. If the air is cooled to 22.2 oC (72 oF), would any further adjustments in pressure be needed? 3. When an airliner is climbing the engine is running at high power, so air for the cabin is bled from the “low” stage of the compressor. At this point in the compressor the pressure is 2.2 atm and the temperature is 165.6 oC (330 oF). If this air is cooled to 22.2 oC (72 oF), what will its pressure become? 4. In a piston engine, the ideal point for the spark to fire to ignite the air-gas mixture is as the piston is approach- ing TDC, or “top dead center.” Now “freeze” the piston at this point so that volume is going to remain constant. At the instant just before the spark plug fires, the piston has compressed the air in the cylinder to a pressure of 742 psi and a temperature of 693 oC (1280 oF). If the ignition of the fuel raises the temperature to 1280 oC (2336 oF), and the piston did not move, what would the resulting pressure be? If the air entered the cylinder at 1 atm, how many atmospheres would the pressure be right after combustion (14.7 psi = 1 atm)? 34 Gay-Lussac’s LawPDF Image | NASA Guide to Engines
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