PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 045
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES Students will • Recognize that heat of reaction are additive • Evaluate energy available in different compounds • Recognize the need for oxygen in combustion NATIONAL SCIENCE CONTENT STANDARD B Chemical reactions • Chemical reactions may release or consume energy. Some reactions, such as burning fossil fuels, release large amounts of energy by giving off heat and emitting light. INTRODUCTION Hess’s Law states that enthalpy changes (ΔH) are additive. This means that the sum of the heats of formation of the products minus the sum of the heats of formation of the reactants (each multiplied by their respective coef- ficients in a chemical reaction) will equal the ΔH for the overall reaction. DH = ∑ DHo − ∑ DHo . ( f products ) ( f reactants ) One must first balance the chemical equation and then find the value of ΔHof for each component. Example Problem: When hydrocarbon fuels are burned in an engine, oxygen (O2) is a reactant and carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are products. When grilling in the backyard with propane, the equation is C3H8+O2 → CO2+H2O Standard heats of formation in kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol) are C3H8 = –25.0 O2 = 0 CO2 = –94.0 H2O = –68.3 Balance the equation C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O Solution: For each product, multiply the heat of reaction by its reaction coefficient and add them together. Do the same for the reactants. Then take the sum of the heats of formation of the products and subtract the sum of the heats of formation of the reactants to find the overall heat of reaction: DH = [3 (–94.0) + 4 (–68.3)] – [(25.0) + 5 (0.0)] = –530.2 kcal Hess’s Law Pushing the Envelope: A NASA Guide to Engines 37 CHEMISTRYPDF Image | NASA Guide to Engines
PDF Search Title:
NASA Guide to EnginesOriginal File Name Searched:
nasa-guide-to-engines.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |