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ION KNOCKING LIFT LIQUID MACH MASS MOMENTUM NOx NOZZLE OCTANE RATING OTTO CYCLE OXIDATION OXIDIZER OZONE PLASMA Glossary An electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons, such as a cation (positive ion), which is created by electron loss and is attracted to the cathode in electrolysis, or an anion (negative ion), which is created by an electron gain and is attracted to the anode. A pounding or clanking noise made by an engine, often as a result of faulty fuel combustion; also called ping. A lifting or raising force. Composed of molecules that move freely among themselves but do not tend to separate like those of gases; neither gaseous nor solid, having definite volume but not definite shape. A number indicating the ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the medium through which the object is moving. The quantity of matter as determined from Newton’s second law of motion. A quantity expressing the motion of a body or system, equal to the prod- uct of the mass of a body and its velocity, and for a system equal to the vector sum of the products of mass and velocity of each particle in the system. An abbreviation for oxides of nitrogen where the “x” represents one of a number of possible subscripts. In a jet engine, a specially shaped tube sitting downstream of the power turbine to produce thrust, to conduct the exhaust gases back to the free stream, and to set the mass flow rate through the engine. A designation of antiknock quality, numerically equal to the percentage of isooctane by volume in a mixture of isooctane and normal heptane that matches the given gasoline in antiknock characteristics. An idealization of the thermodynamic cycle of the internal combustion engine with air as the working substance: intake of air at atmospheric pressure, then adiabatic compression, then ignition with an increase of pressure and temperature at constant volume, then adiabatic expansion and performance of work, then a drop to atmospheric pressure at constant volume and a rejection of heat to the environment, then the exhaust of air at constant pressure. The process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound. A substance that oxidizes another substance, especially one that supports the combustion of fuel; an oxidizing agent. A form of oxygen, O3, with a peculiar odor, produced when an electric spark or ultraviolet light is passed through air or oxygen. A highly ionized gas containing an approximately equal number of positive ions and electrons. Pushing the Envelope: A NASA Guide to Engines 103 REFERENCEPDF Image | NASA Guide to Engines
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