PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 009
Power Electronics and Wind Power GERTMAR Lars In this paper, we are very little dealing with terminology and standards aspects. They are brought here to give a general fundament to describe the wind power generation area and other DG & DR areas to be well prepared to form a successor generation with best practice. This need for best practice is accentuated because power systems with wind farms will comprise substantially many more machines—at least an order of magnitude more—embedded in the power system than with today’s large traditional, dispatched plants, such as fossil fuel power plants, hydroelectric plants, nuclear plants and the like, which simply have less than a pocketful of electrical generators and some auxiliaries in a power plant. Reactive power, filtering and the like are remedies, often with power electronic converters or capacitive VAr-compensation as actuators, seen from the “Wind side” of the matter. From the “Utility side”, it is seen as “Reactive supply and voltage control from generation sources” to use the terminology of FERC Order 888. FERC, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, www.ferc.fed.us, is an independent regulatory agency within the Department of Energy. FERC determined in Order 888, reproduced on DOE’s web9 as “History of Open Transmission Access”, that six ancillary services10 must be included in open-access tariffs; two of these services (“scheduling, system control, and dispatch”; “reactive supply and voltage control from generation sources”) must be purchased by transmission customers, because the transmitting utility is best suited to provide these services. This indicates that a boundary—for our two main sides: The Wind Side and the Utility Side of a wind farm—could be the interconnection’s point-of-connection to the large-scale power grid. This boundary is a starting point in this chapter headed “Short and medium term issues ...” but will be questioned rather soon and further discussed in next chapter headed “Long term issues ...”. The interconnections for wind energy collection & transmission are of a main interest to power electronics. Interconnections will most likely need to have a voltage quality standard, which is more or less the same as in traditional electric power distribution network, because auxiliary power is needed in all units forming the intra-/infra-structure. This is an economic reality, which will be under discussion both regarding traditional single turbines close to scattered houses and large farms in areas where there is a weak electrical infrastructure until—and maybe even after—the farm is established. An existing long overhead transmission line can—as in a recent (July 2003) study by the Norwegian Sintef, published [24] as a demonstration of reactive power’s impact—be loaded to its thermal limits with at least one reactive source in order to enable increased wind power penetration, Fig. 5. One or two reactive sources, like SVC (SVC Light®, AdvSVC=STATCOM) or a (tuned, not blank) stepwise controllable capacitor bank, so-called thyristor switched capacitor, TSC, are needed in the grid. The most advantageous layout varies from grid to grid and from type of wind turbines. Wind turbines with single-/two-speed induction generator drive-trains and fixed power factor correction, PFC, need approximately the same reactive power compensation SVC in its interconnection grid as its rated active power. Wind turbines with embedded continuously (cos φ=1) variable reactive power compensation in the towers need naturally considerably less reactive power compensation SVC in the interconnection, either they are DFIGs, with partly (say 30 %) rated power electronics, or they are ASDs with fully (100 %) rated power electronics. As will be seen soon, SVC provides less mechanical stress in the drive-trains and less electrical stress in the electrical power systems. SVC+DFIG form a better solution compared to fixed/stepwise PFC. 9 http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/rea_issues/html/appendix.html 10 Ancillary Services: Interconnected Operations Services (IOS) identified as necessary to effect a transfer of electricity between purchasing and selling entities and which a transmission provider must include in an open-access transmission tariff. US DOE: National Transmission Grid Study, May 2002, http://tis.eh.doe.gov/ntgs/gridstudy/main_screen.pdf EPE 2003 - Toulouse ISBN : 90-75815-07-7 P.9PDF Image | Power Electronics and Wind Power
PDF Search Title:
Power Electronics and Wind PowerOriginal File Name Searched:
power-electronics-wind-power.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |