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Power Electronics and Wind Power

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Power Electronics and Wind Power ( power-electronics-and-wind-power )

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Power Electronics and Wind Power GERTMAR Lars Conclusions—Wind power’s need for power electronics Wind turbine's intra-structure is an obvious issue: 􏰷 Power Factor Compensation, PFC, of induction generators is essential 􏰷 Generators’ operation is characterized by phasors, shafts in drive-trains, etc 􏰷 Adjustable-Speed Drives, ASDs, were originally introduced to increase the energy yield and then used to cope with gusts and to damp torsion oscillations in turbine’s shaft and gearbox. A 3rd demand is today controllability to produce and deliver a specified—sold—power level 􏰷 Double-Fed Induction Generator, DFIG, turbines suffer far too often from defective gearboxes 􏰷 Direct Drive, DD, turbines suffer all from extreme nacelle weight Infra-structure from wind turbines/farms as interconnections to AC mains is a hidden but major issue: 􏰷 AC-only vs. AC+DC interconnections: HVAC with embedded SVC will remain as a main choice for wind farms with disregards for HVDC and UPFC 􏰷 Interconnections for wind power collection & transmission differ considerably from power transmission & distribution 􏰷 Power collection grids are energized from no-load at all or extremely low load, via idling generators at low wind to extremely high power collection from generators at high wind 􏰷 Mixed power collection & distribution is not trivial; e.g., fault handling; flicker, ... Active power handling in both intra- and infra-structures: 􏰷 Electrical energy generated is not as simple and solely as the time integral of (active) power (of stochastic shape), when it is discussed multi-disciplinarily as professionals, neither in society nor in industry and academia [34] 􏰷 Driving thrust in wind turbines differs considerably from motor load in industrial drives Reactive power handling in both intra- and infrastructures: 􏰷 SVC is necessary for high wind power penetration and efficient fault handling, impact in grid and drive-trains 􏰷 DFIG’s embedded, controllable PFC/SVC is efficient but not enough for long and weak HVAC interconnections 􏰷 SVC localisation/utilisation in interconnection grid is cross-bordering farm to utility Simultaneous cooperation within intra- & infrastructures are necessary to procreate an entity out of traditionals and renewables within electrical power generation. EPE's stakeholders should visualise power electronics with machines, power systems and automation for automatically controlled and protected, prosperous, commoditised subsystems in wind power’s commercialisation in cooperation with wind turbine—and electrical equipment—manufacturers, utilities, ... for cost-efficient & sustainable electric power generation. New structures of distributed generation with power electronics and automation have to be developed within the next years to hold the usual high level of availability and quality in electrical power supply and to overcome doubts like those on power electronics’ costs and reliability expressed by CA-OWEE [29]. Wind energy will contribute with 2000 TWh/year in 2030 or 15 % of today’s energy. Wind power will support mankind's need for reduced CO2-emissions but globally only up to what will be lost as 10-20 % in worldwide use of CO2-sequestration. Wind power cannot be established on large scale without a considerable amount of power electronics. EPE 2003 - Toulouse ISBN : 90-75815-07-7 P.26

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