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Energies 2020, 13, 1374 13 of 20 O? = # N? > # N? $ # " ! 7I Figure 17. (a) Plasma-off and (b) plasma-on flow field at TC for α = 14.5◦ and U∞ = 30 m/s. Finally, tips TD and TE were examined: these plasma-off configurations (Figures 18a and 19a) are nearly or completely attached, yet the plasma effect is still slightly visible from the mild acceleration of the streamlines (Figures 18b and 19b). Howeverm the local flow is close to being independent from actuator activation. This suggests that an electrode of lower span, obtained removing the tips corresponding to the lateral flow sections, could have very similar flow control capabilities on the whole wing, requiring a lower power consumption. O? O? = > # # N? N? Figure 18. (a) Plasma-off and (b) plasma-on flow field at TD for α = 14.5◦ and U∞ = 30 m/s. $ # " ! 7I $ # " ! 7I = # N? > # N? Figure 19. (a) Plasma-off and (b) plasma-on flow field at TE for α = 14.5◦ and U∞ = 30 m/s. As was done for the U∞ = 20 m/s study, also here, the cross-wake velocity and CP were computed to confirm the actuator effects on the flow. The cross-wake velocity profiles reported in Figure 20 were computed, as before, along a vertical axis located c/6 = 50 mm from the trailing edge. Since the last two PIV planes TD and TE show similar characteristics, only the TE profile is shown. The effect of the three-dimensional flow geometry is again visible: the momentum drop in the plasma-off configuration is progressively reduced both in magnitude and extension moving towards the lateral sections. Despite this, on the central sections, a significant further reduction can be observed in the plasma-on case, confirming the actuator authority. Similarly, also the lateral regionsPDF Image | Stall Control by Plasma Actuators: Characterization along the Airfoil Span
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