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Energies 2020, 13, 1374 18 of 20 Nomenclature c, c′ CL CP d D f F,F+ h L Re r S TC Tν TR U∞ Vi Vt w W x,y,z α ε η airfoil chord and projection c cos α, m lift coefficient pressure coefficient spacing of DBD tips, mm drag, N DBD carrier frequency, Hz DBD modulation frequency: dimensional, Hz, and dimensionless length of DBD tips, mm lift, N Reynolds number tips sharpness h/w airfoil span, m convective time scale along a tip, s viscous time scale along a tip, s recirculation time scale between tips, s freestream velocity, m/s ionic wind velocity, m/s vertical ascent velocity or rate of climb, m/s width of DBD tips, mm electrical power, W chordwise, normal and spanwise coordinates, m angle of attack, ◦ DBD effectiveness in lift increase, N/W dimensionless DBD efficiency in lift increase References 1. Moreau, E. Airflow control by non-thermal plasma actuators. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2007, 40, 605. [CrossRef] 2. Benard, N.; Moreau, E. Electrical and mechanical characteristics of surface AC dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators applied to airflow control. Exp. Fluids 2014, 55, 1846. [CrossRef] 3. Kriegseis, J.; Simon, B.; Grundmann, S. Towards in-flight applications? A review on dielectric barrier discharge-based boundary-layer control. Appl. Mech. Rev. 2016, 68, 1–41. [CrossRef] 4. Kotsonis, M. Diagnostics for characterisation of plasma actuators. Measur. Sci. Technol. 2015, 26, 092001. [CrossRef] 5. Kelley, C.L.; Corke, T.C.; Thomas, F.O.; Patel, M.; Cain, A.B. Design and scaling of plasma streamwise vortex generators for flow separation control. AIAA J. 2016, 11, 3397–3408. [CrossRef] 6. He, C.; Corke, T.C.; Patel, M.P. Plasma flaps and slats: An application of weakly ionized plasma actuators. J. Aircr. 2009, 46, 864–873. [CrossRef] 7. Kelley, C.; Bowles, P.; Cooney, J.; He, C.; Corke, T.; Osborne, B.; Silkey, J.; Zehnle, J. High mach number leading-edge flow separation control using AC DBD plasma actuators. In Proceedings of the 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, Nashville, TN, USA, 9–12 January 2012; p. 906. 8. Benard, N.; Braud, P.; Jolibois, J.; Moreau, E. Airflow reattachment along a NACA 0015 airfoil by surfaces dielectric barrier discharge actuator: Time-resolved particle image velocimetry investigation. In Proceedings of the 4th Flow Control Conference, Seattle, WA, USA, 23–26 June 2008; p. 4202. 9. Joussot, R.; Hong, D.; Weber-Rozenbaum, R.; Leroy-Chesneau, A. Modification of the laminar-to-turbulent transition on a flat plate using DBD plasma actuator. In Proceedings of the 5th Flow Control Conference, Chicago, IL, USA, 28 June–1 July 2010; p. 4708. 10. Sekimoto, S.; Nonomura, T.; Fujii, K. Burst-mode frequency effects of dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator for separation control. AIAA J. 2017, 55, 1385–1392. [CrossRef] 11. Bénard, N.; Jolibois, J.; Moreau, E. Lift and drag performances of an axisymmetric airfoil controlled by plasma actuator. J. Electrost. 2009, 67, 133–139. [CrossRef]PDF Image | Stall Control by Plasma Actuators: Characterization along the Airfoil Span
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