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Challenges *********** Insert Table 1 *********** While there is a distinct market niche (i.e. short and medium haul aircraft) for an open rotor engine, nonetheless the concept presents considerable technological challenges. This provides much of the rationale behind the use of a technology demonstrator programme, since as Vincent Garnier, Snecma’s director of product strategy and marketing for civil engines noted at a recent conference (Warwick,2014), they provide, ‘a great learning vehicle’. The technological challenges extend to five main aspects of the open rotor design:- noise safety airframe integration maintenance speed Noise was an issue on General Electric’s UDF engine back in the 1980s (Gubisch, 2014).Noise levels on an open rotor are higher because the rotating blades are open and not muffled by the fan case and the nacelle as they are on a turbofan engine. However solutions to this appear to be in sight. Using a ‘pusher’ configuration for the rotors with the engines mounted at the rear of the fuselage helps to mitigate the noise. In addition Snecma’s wind tunnel tests evaluated a number of aspects of open rotor designs in pursuit of noise reduction. These included: the optimum distance between the two sets of blades; the number of blades on each rotor; and the profile of the blades themselves. The results were sufficiently encouraging for Snecma to conclude that noise was not an insurmountable problem and that an open rotor would be able to meet appropriate noise regulations. Safety is problematic since certification requirements of bodies like the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) demand that in the event of a mechanical failure caused by a rotor burst or the release of a blade (Warwick, 2014), pieces from the engine must not be able to penetrate the 12PDF Image | Sustainable and Green Engine (SAGE) Aircraft Engine of the Future
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