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FULL PAPER Full Papers www.aem-journal.com Temperature Effect on Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerator Cun Xin Lu, Chang Bao Han, Guang Qin Gu, Jian Chen, Zhi Wei Yang, Tao Jiang, Chuan He, and Zhong Lin Wang* devices[1–4] is a good choice to solve the energy crisis. Nowadays, a notable techno- logical trend is the rapid growth of self- powered electronics for applications in communication, personal health care, and environmental monitoring, especially applying in harsh environments, such as under high/low temperature,[5,6] high hu- midity,[7,8] or corrosive conditions.[9,10] In recent years, many studies have proved that the TENG is a simple and attractive approach for converting ambient mechani- cal energy into electricity,[11–14] which can be used as a potentially competitive power source for self-powered electronic devi- ces.[15–18] It is very important and interest- ing to explore the effect of temperature on the electrical performance of TENG, espe- cially when the self-powered electronics powered by TENG are used in some extreme conditions such as the frigid zones, and desert regions. However, there are few studies about this temperature effect on the output performance of TENG. Although several publications showed that the dependence of electrical output of TENG at different temperature condi- tions,[19,20] the principle how the temperature affects the electrical performance of the TENG is still not clear. Here, a TENG which worked in single-electrode mode was used to reveal the output characteristics of TENG in various temperature environments. Its short-circuit current and output power ranges from 1.45 to 0.875 mA and from 0.3943 to 0.1157 W m2, respectively, under a low working frequency of 3 Hz when the temperature varies from 20 to 150 C. The affecting principle of the temperature on the electrical outputs was investigated by measuring the relative permittivity of PTFE sheet, the theoretical calculations, and the characterizations of PTFE surface. The results proved that the output performance of TENG at different temperature conditions is associated with the gaining/storing electron ability of PTFE sheet. This work will provide a reference for the application of wearable electronics in harsh environments. 2. Experimental Section Fabrication of the TENG: The TENG in this work was made up of a Al foil (55551mm), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) insulation tapes, PTFE sheets (55 55 3 mm). The PTFE sheet is a commercial product 1700275 (1 of 8) © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a promising energy harvesting technology that can convert mechanical energy into electricity and can be used as self-powered active sensors. However, previous studies are mostly carried out at room temperature without considering the temperature effect on the electrical performance of TENGs, which is critical for the application of electronics powered by TENGs in different regions in the world. In the present work, a TENG that worked in the single-electrode and contact- separation mode is utilized to reveal the influence of environment tempera- ture on the electrical performance of TENG. The electrical performance of the TENG shows a decreasing tendency, as the temperature rises from 20 to 150C, which is controlled by the temperature-induced changes in the ability of storing and gaining electrons for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The storing electron ability change of PTFE is attributed to two aspects: one is the reduction of relative permittivity of PTFE sheet as the temperature increases, and the other is the variations of effective defects such as the escape of trapped charges in shallow traps and surface oxidation under the effect of temperature perturbation. This work can provide useful information for the application of TENG in both electric power generation and self- powered sensors in the harsh environment. 1. Introduction With the growing threat of limited fossil fuels and related environmental issues, searching for renewable energy sources from ambient environment becomes necessary for the sustain- able development of human civilization. Harvesting neglected energy of the ambient environment to power electronic Prof. Z. L. Wang School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology,, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, USA E-mail: zhong.wang@mse.gatech.edu C. X. Lu, Dr. C. B. Han, G. Q. Gu, J. Chen, Z. W. Yang, Dr. T. Jiang, Dr. C. He, Prof. Z. L. Wang Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201700275. Cun Xin Lu and Chang Bao Han contribute equally to this work. DOI: 10.1002/adem.201700275 Adv. Eng. Mater. 2017, 00, 1700275PDF Image | Temperature Effect on Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerator
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