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P Advantages of STIG 1. A STIG plant requiring multiple gas turbines is completely modular. The multiple gas turbines of a large STIG plant can all operate separately at full efficiency and as soon as they are installed. In a combined cycle, the multiple gas turbines are connected to a single steam turbine and can operate at full efficiency only when the plant is all complete. The full modularity of STIG also gives better part load operation. 2. The large injection of steam results in lower NOx emissions. Plumes from the stack and cooling tower of STIG were found to be less intrusive than from the combined cycles. 3. Total water consumption for cooling tower and steam injection (for NOx control in the combined cycles) is less for STIG than for combined cycle. 4. The S T I G i s faster starting from cold. Disadvantages of STIG. 1. The normal STIG plants studied are significantly less efficient (107..) than the comparable capacity combined cycles. 2. In capacities above 50 MW the STIG plants had higher capital costs. 3. The operation and maintenance cost of the S T IG s (other than fuel)is marginally higher than for the combined cycles. 4. The surge margins of STIG gas turbines will be less than normal and may cause operational problems. (Authors conclusion, not a conclusion of the reference 8 study ). Turbo-STIG Evaluation The impact of the replacement of the studied STIG by a Turbo-STIG will now be addressed. The disadvantages of the STIG found in the study will first be reassessed for a Turbo-STIG. 1. Efficiency. A Turbo-STIG is as efficient as combined cycles with similar levels of technology. Thus this disadvantage of an ordinary STIG would be eliminated in the case of a Turbo-STIG. 2. Capital Cost. To address the issue of capital cost, one must determine the probable cost of a Turbo-STIG gas turbine and of the complete Turbo-STIG power plant. Since no gas turbine manufacturer has offered an estimate of the cost of a Turbo-STIG engine, the author submits his own. The Cost Estimate of a Turbo-STIG commences with a hypothetical heavy gas turbine generator with an ISO rating of 50 MW which is assumed to be redesigned and constructed as a Turbo-STIG. Reference 7 gives $10 million as a typical cost for a 50 MW heavy gas turbine ($200/kw). A typical cost for a 100 MW unit is $17.5 million ($175/kw). The incremental cost from 50 to 100 MW is thus $7.5 million (150/kw). For the cost estimate the gas turbine will be regarded as separated into packages consisting of electric generator, gear, and shafting assumed to cost 25% of the total and the remainder 757. of the total. The Turbo-STIG conversion is assumed to increase the power by 90% requiring higher capacity electric generator, gear, and shafting to accommodate the 45 MW power increase. This package will be changed for one of higher capacity for which the added cost is the incremental cost. The added cost will be 25'/. of 150 $/kw on 45,000 kw or $1,688,000. The combustor and expander casings will need to be strengthened to accommodate the 207 higher pressure and the interconnecting ducting is an addition. The steam turbine and topping compressor can be used as a starting device and the normal cranking device omitted, a reduction. To cover these items the cost of the remainder of the engine is assumed to increase by 10% of 75% of $10 million = $750,000 The power of the topping compressor and its steam turbine will be about 207. of the original gas turbine rating or 10 MW. At $125 per kw for this simple two bearing machine the cost is $1,250,000. The added cost of the STIG conversion of the gas turbine on this basis is $3,687,000 for a total cost of the 95 MW Turbo-STIG engine of $13.687 million or $144/kw. The cost of the balance of the complete Turbo-STIG plant is estimated as follows: Water usage is about 3 Lb per Kwh. Thus, for 95 MW, 285 MLb/Hr of demineralized water will be needed. In the study (8) the cost of purification, pumping and a heat recovery boiler to supply 285 M Lb/Hr of demineralized steam to a STIG was estimated to be $11.26 million or $118.5/kw of the 95 MW plant. Structural and electrical categories of a STIG plant not included in the above costs were estimated at $185/kw (8). By the writer's estimate the total direct costs of the 95 MW Turbo-STIG plant are approximately $448/kw as listed in Table II. TABLE II.TURBO-STIG COST ESTIMATE Basic 50 MW Gas Turbine Generator $M 10,000 1,688 750. The study (8) placed the cost of a 95 MW similar basis combined cycle at $550/kw. By this estimate the cost of a Turbo-STIG power plant should be lower cost than a comparable combined cycle thus eliminating STIG disadvantage #2. Larger Generator, Gear, Shafts Strengthen Casings, etc. Topping Compressor & Turbine Total 95 MW Turbo-STIG Engine Steam Supply. 285 MLb/hr. Structural, Electrical, etc. Total 95 MW Power Plant Total 95 MW Power Plant 1,250 13,687 11,260 17,575 42,522 $M $/kw 447.6 Downloaded from http://asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/GT/proceedings-pdf/GT1989/79160/V004T09A002/4456981/v004t09a002-89-gt-100.pdf by guest on 21 October 2020PDF Image | The Turbocharged Steam Injected Gas Turbine Cycle
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