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10 G. Zhu et al. Fig. 10 Device design of the linear micro-grating TENG. (a) Schematic illustrations of the thin film that composes of the TENG. The zoom-in illustration (bottom left) reveals that the film consists of a PTFE layer and a pair of metal gratings that have complementary patterns. (b) Photograph of a flexible PTFE film with a pair of complementary metal gratings on both sides. (c) SEM image of PTFE nanoparticles applied onto the surfaces on which friction takes place. (d) Amplitude of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage with varying sliding velocity. (b) The optimum effective current and corresponding load with varying sliding velocity. (c) The optimum effective power of the TENG with varying sliding velocity. strips separated by equal-sized intervals. The paired grat- ings are identical but complementary with relative displa- cement of half pitch (zoom-in view in Fig. 10a). Fig. 10b exhibits a photograph of the PTFE thin film with double- sided metal gratings. On the top surface, a layer of PTFE nanoparticles is applied as surface modification (Fig. 10c). Two of the thin films with different length are prepared, which have a total area of 60cm2, a total volume of 0.2 cm3, and a total weight of 0.6 g. The relative motion direction is perpendicular to the metal strips. The short- circuit current reaches as high as 2 mA when sliding at a relative velocity of 2 m/s and keeps increasing in a linear way as a function of the velocity (Fig. 10d). The average optimum output power under the matched load is 0.7 W at the sliding velocity of 0.7 W and can be further enhanced to almost 3 W at the sliding velocity of 10 m/s (Fig. 10f) Another shape of the periodic pattern is radial sectors [18]. The device consists of mainly two parts, i.e., a rotator and a stator. The rotator is a collection of radially-arrayed sectors separated by equal-degreed intervals in between. The rotator has a total of 60 units. For the stator, it is divided into three components. A layer of FEP as an electrification material, a layer of electrodes, and an underlying substrate are laminated along the vertical direction. The electrode layer is composed of two complementary-patterned elec- trode networks that are disconnected by fine trenches in between. Operating at a rotation rate of 3000 r min 1, a rotary TENG having a diameter of 10 cm can produce an open-circuit voltage of $ 850 V and a short-circuit current of $ 3 mA at a frequency of 3 KHz. Under the matched load of 0.8 MΩ, an average output power of 1.5 W (an area power density of 19 mW cm 2) can be delivered to an external load Please cite this article as: G. Zhu, et al., Triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology: From fundamentals, devices, to applications, Nano Energy (2014), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.050PDF Image | Triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology
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