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method used by Zhang et al. to characterize the output of the DC TENG [1]. Attempts to measure the voltage drop across a resistance of 330 Ω resulted in negligible voltage readings, indicating that the current was extremely low. Lower-resistance resistors must be obtained and arranged in parallel to reduce the overall resistance and enable actual values to be calculated for the short circuit current. Efficiency Approximations There are multiple measures of efficiency for a DC TENG turbine. First, the DC TENG efficiency can be defined as the energy output by the DC TENG divided by energy of the rotating mass as it spins. For a driven test turbine, such as model 3.2, the motor efficiency is the energy of the rotating mass as it spins divided by the electrical energy forced into the motor. For a wind tunnel test turbine, such as the thus far unbuilt model 3.3, the turbine blade efficiency is the energy of the spinning mass divided by the energy of the wind (for wind energy approximation, see Appendix D). This is limited by the Betz Limit, which fixes the maximum turbine blade efficiency at 59% [5]. Finally, the overall turbine efficiency would be the energy of the impinging wind divided by the energy produced by the DC TENG. The energy of the rotating mass can be calculated from its angular velocity (ω, in radians/s) and a computer-based calculation of the mass moment of inertia (J in kg*m2), shown in Equation 3. 𝐸 𝑟 𝑜 𝑡 = 12 ∗ 𝐽 ∗ 𝜔 2 3 An evaluation of the mass properties of the rotating mass in model 3.2, highlighted in Figure 14 below, calculated the mass moment of inertia about the axis of rotation to be 21.4 lb*in2 (see Appendix E for additional calculations). Forti, 19PDF Image | Triboelectric Turbines: Multi-Rotor Counter-Rotating Wind Turbine Utilizing Direct-Current Triboelectric Nanogenerators
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