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4.2.3 Measurement details A typical indentation experiment on a polymeric material involves engaging the probe tip to the sample surface under a light load (2 μN), indenting to a pre-specified maximum load at a constant loading rate (10 mN/s), holding at the peak load (5 sec in this case) to reduce creep effects (Briscoe et al., 1998), and then withdrawing the tip at the same rate as during loading (-10 mN/s). This is called trapezoidal loading profile, compared to the most commonly used triangular profile which does not have a hold-time at the peak load. The initial set of indentations were performed on PTFE/Pyrrolidone-2 coatings using both trapezoidal and triangular loading profiles with a maximum load of 70 mN to examine possible creep behavior. Also, for the triangular loading, three different loading/unloading rates (2, 10 and 30 mN/s) were explored to investigate their effect on the slope of the initial part of the unloading curve (and thus the calculated property values). As for the main indentation measurements on the 7 different polymeric coatings for extracting their mechanical properties, a trapezoidal loading profile at a constant loading/unloading rate of ±10 mN/s was used for about 10 varying maximum loads between 5 to 400 mN (which correspond within the calibration range). For each maximum load, six indentations were repeated at different areas (resulting in approximately 60 indentations for each coating sample), thus resulting in 420 indentations in total. Although this method of using single loading/unloading indentations is time consuming, compared to the partial unloading method, it is preferred for precise examination of polymer material properties. Also, in this work, single 57PDF Image | TRIBOLOGY OF POLYMERIC COATINGS FOR AGGRESSIVE BEARING APPLICATIONS
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