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including heating coils for winter operation, chilling coils for summer operation, evaporative cooling to lower the wet bulb temperature in dry environments, and/or supercharging to overcome the affects of high altitudes. In addition, the high level of intake noise produced by a gas turbine needs to be treated by inlet silencers, with the size of the silencing system generally depending upon the noise permit requirements. All these devices add pressure drop between the prevailing barometric pressure and the actual inlet of the gas turbine's first compressor stage, decreasing mass flow and power output, and increasing the heat rate and exhaust temperature from the idealized ISO/GTW rating. Typical inlet losses for GTG packages are: a) 2.5~5.0 inches W.C. for standard pad or pulse-clean filtration systems, silencers and ducting b) 1.0~1.5 inch W.C. incremental loss for dust louver systems c) 1.0~2.5 inch W.C. incremental loss for chilling/heating coils or evaporative cooling systems d) 0.5~2.0 inch W.C. incremental loss for additional inlet silencing e) +5.0 to +12.0 inch W.C. gain for supercharging, although this is rarely used since it requires a lot of power to operate the fan, and dramatically raises the inlet air temperature, requiring chilling and/or evaporative cooling both before and after the supercharging fan. 2.1.4 ExhaustLosses The ISO/GTW ratings are based upon the turbine's exhaust gases discharging directly to atmosphere (please plug your ears and don't stand in the way). Of course, in practice the exhaust gases need to be silenced and need to discharged safely into either a vertical discharge stack (for simple-cycle duty) or into a heat recovery steam generator (for cogeneration or combined-cycle duty). In addition, pollution control equipment may also be fitted in the exhaust stream. Exhaust losses restrict the ability of a gas turbine to swallow air, and thus reduce power, and increase heat rate and fuel flow. Typical exhaust losses which might be applied are: a) 2.5~5.0 inch W.C. for simple cycle discharge stacks, depending upon the silencing requirements b) 8.0~12.0 inch W.C. for unfired heat recovery steam generators UNDERSTANDING GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE © Gryphon International Engineering Services Inc. St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada GTPerf_0900 Page 6PDF Image | UNDERSTANDING GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE
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