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revenue and fuel costs) reflect the actual long-term performance characteristics of a gas turbine generator. Thus the performance model that the project developer uses for his evaluation should include the reduction in performance which results from the long-term operation of the unit. Fouling of the compressor, erosion of the compressor or turbine blades reducing their aerodynamic effectiveness, changes in the combustion system resulting in less efficient or less uniform combustion, all of these combine to lower the performance of the equipment. Some of this lost performance can be regained relatively easily by cleaning of the compressor to reduce the effects of the fouling. The others unfortunately are more serious and costly and these performance losses can only be recovered by either a partial or complete engine overhaul, the extent depending on the design of the equipment. Each manufacturer should be contacted to supply their individual degradation definitions and values, however, in general, the average long-term degraded performance of aero-derivative gas turbines may show a 2.5~5.0% power shortfall and 1.0~3.0% heat rate increase. Heavy duty industrial engines may experience 2.0~4.0% power shortfalls and 0.5~3.0% heat rate increases. 2.2.5 GrossandNetPowerOutput The meaning of the power output of a gas turbine or GTG package is fairly obvious, however you must understand what actually pays the bills. The Gross Power Output of a engine or package is usually the amount of power delivered at the output shaft of a mechanical drive engine, or at the generator terminals of a GTG package. The Net Power Output is the effective amount of power at the connection point to the customer, after accounting for all drivetrain losses, auxiliary losses, etc., and is the one that pays the bills. 2.2.6 GrossandNetHeatRate The heat rate of a gas turbine engine or GTG package is merely an expression of the specific fuel consumption or thermal efficiency, considering the fuel supplied to the engine; and the power output delivered by the engine. For example, a 40 MW GTG package that requires 400 x 106 btu/hr of fuel to operate might have a heat rate of: UNDERSTANDING GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE © Gryphon International Engineering Services Inc. St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada GTPerf_0900 Page 10PDF Image | UNDERSTANDING GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE
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