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Gross HHV Efficiency = Gross LHV Efficiency = Net HHV Efficiency = Net LHV Efficiency = 30.8 % 34.1 % 30.6 % 33.9 % This array of varying information (all for the same gas turbine at the same operating point) can be confusing, and you must know what to request, and/or must understand what information you get, in order to use it properly. All references to fuel consumption, heat rate and efficiency should include an annotation defining either LHV or HHV. 2.2.7 FuelHigherHeatingValueandLowerHeatingValue These two Heating Value terms generally lead to the most confusion and subsequent errors when discussing and calculating the performance of gas turbines, and when evaluating the subsequent economic return. Most gas turbine performance data sheets state efficiency and/or heat rate, and hence fuel consumption, in terms of the Lower Heating Value (LHV) of the fuel, whether for gaseous fuel or liquid fuel. However, fuel suppliers (in particular those in the natural gas business) work in, state their pricing, and write their contracts in terms of a fuel's Higher Heating Value (HHV). In simple terms, a fuel's HHV energy content is measured on the basis of the chemical energy in the fuel, and is the total heat given up during the combustion of the fuel, and includes the formation of water vapour from the combustion of fuel- bound hydrogen. By comparison, a fuel's LHV energy content quantifies the usable energy available from this combustion process. Gas Turbine cycle calculations are generally done in terms of LHV thus, when discussing fuel supply with gas suppliers and transporters, or sizing fuel compression / metering / regulation systems, or sizing liquid fuel storage tank / heating / unloading / forwarding systems, one needs to take into account the difference between the LHV data obtained in your gas turbine calculations, and the HHV terms discussed in the remainder of the fuel business. To convert from an LHV basis to an HHV basis, a multiplication factor in the order of 1.06 to 1.065 is used for liquid fuels and 1.11 for natural gas. UNDERSTANDING GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE © Gryphon International Engineering Services Inc. St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada GTPerf_0900 Page 12PDF Image | UNDERSTANDING GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE
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