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in terms of discharge capacity. These findings are in accordance with previous reports45. Since both carbons gave similar performances, SuperP® was kept for further studies as a reference conductive additive, as requiring less solvent during the ink slurry preparation. 2.3.1.b) SuperP® vs. VGCF® In the next step, the effect of different shapes of carbon material was taken into consideration. For this purpose, Vapor Growth Carbon Fibers (VGCF®, Showa Denko) were used, which are 10 – 20 μm long fibers with average diameter of Ø 150 nm and surface area of 13 m2 g-1 218. The literature is rich of examples where addition of carbon (nano)fibers improves electronic conductivity/properties of the electrode91,94,219. According to Barchasz et al.45, its beneficial effect is more visible in thicker electrodes, since it facilitates the electronic pathway from the current collector through the whole electrode thickness. Electrodes with different carbon compositions (10 wt% of SuperP®, 10 wt% of VGCF® or 5+5 wt% of SuperP® + VGCF®) were prepared, while ratios of sulfur (80 wt%) and PVdF binder (10 wt%) were constant. For simplicity, the names of the electrodes refer to the carbon used, i.e. “SuperP®”, “VGCF®” and “SuperP®/VGCF®”. The electrodes’ morphology at the macroscopic level is rather similar: sulfur particles enrobed by a carbon particles/fibers (Figure 2-6a,d,g). The differences due to the carbon shape are significantly visible at the microscopic level, as shown on Figure 2-6c,f,i. It can be seen that sulfur particles are covered better if only SuperP® is used. On the other hand, pure VGCF® fibers do not provide complete coating, due to their lower specific surface (13 m2 g-1 vs. 60 m2 g-1 of SuperP®). Indeed, VGCF® additive is rather efficient when added in low amount in combination with carbon nano-spheres. Moreover, the real length of a VGCF® fibers seems to be much shorter than claimed by the supplier (10 – 20 μm), and is more like 3 – 10 μm†, with still many broken and shorter fibers of ~ 2 μm. Besides, they look rather like rigid sticks without entanglement. Chapter 2: S8 electrode on Aluminum † Calculated visually based on the SEM photos. 51PDF Image | Accumulateur Lithium Soufre
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Sulfur Deposition on Carbon Nanofibers using Supercritical CO2 Sulfur Deposition on Carbon Nanofibers using Supercritical CO2. Gamma sulfur also known as mother of pearl sulfur and nacreous sulfur... More Info
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