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2.3.3.a) The effect of the electrode thickness An additional experiment was performed, where symmetric coin cells were built with the electrodes having different thicknesses (68 – 85 – 110 μm), and corresponding EIS spectra are shown on Figure 2-12a. For simplicity, in further discussion we will refer only to the MF semicircle, however, it is important to note that a small semicircle in the ‘HF to MF’ is present. The semicircle can be modeled as a resistance (R) in parallel with a constant phase element (CPE). The choice of CPE instead of an ideal capacitor (C) is governed by the non-ideal behavior of the system and electrodes207,209,226. Middle frequency semicircle was fitted with ZView software, and obtained parameters are shown on Figure 2-12b. (a) (b) Figure 2-12. Evolution of the Nyquist plot for three symmetric coin cells built with sulfur electrodes (S/SuperP®/PVdF) having linearly increasing thicknesses (a). Summary of the fitting parameters of the MF semicircle as well as the resistance value plotted as a function of the electrode thickness (b). The size of MF semicircle is increasing with the increased thickness of the electrodes (Figure 2-12a, grey arrow), pointing out that the corresponding resistance value is linearly proportional to the electrode thickness, as shown on Figure 2-12b. However, the characteristic frequency of the semi-circle stays unchanged with the thickness increase. This evolution clearly indicates that the MF response is associated with the bulk properties of the electrode and not to the electrode/current collector interface. 2.3.3.b) The influence of the insulating nature of active material To evaluate if the electrode response obtained by EIS at the MF region is associated (or not) with the active material particles (i.e. charge transfer reaction), sulfur was replaced by insulating particles of Al2O3 (Sigma Aldrich, average particle size of ~20 μm, i.e. quite similar in size to sulfur particles), and electrodes with composition 80/10/10 wt% = Chapter 2: S8 electrode on Aluminum 60PDF Image | Accumulateur Lithium Soufre
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