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(a) (b) Figure 3-29. Example of voltage profile obtained from galvanostatic cycling of ‘S-on-NwC’ electrode, where pronounced ‘short circuiting’ phenomenon occurred during charge: appeared for the first time, while the cell was still able to cycle (a), leading to more severe short circuits and finally to the death of the cell (b). Since these problematic charges phenomena were mainly observed for ‘S-on-NwC’ electrodes, the two hypothesis concerning its origin are as follow: (i) highly loaded electrodes require high density current to be applied, and/or (ii) the use of 3D electrode architecture, which may lead to non-uniform current distribution at a microscopic scale. Both of them may result in severe lithium consumption and dendrites formation. However, some tests were performed on heavily loaded ‘S-on-Alu’ electrodes, and a similar ‘problematic charge’ behavior was observed in this case as well. This led us to the conclusion that this problem may not relate only to the use of a 3D NwC current collector. To validate our hypothesis of micro-dendrites formation and to better understand the reason of this strong overcharge, we performed post mortem analysis. Once a cell was unable to recharge, we opened it and recuperated the positive electrode. New coin cell was fabricated with already cycled positive electrode, while lithium was replaced into a fresh one. The separators were replaced as well, and filled with new amount of the electrolyte (150 μL). By doing so, the cell was able to cycle again at the same current density during additional 60 cycles, as shown on Figure 3-30 (C/20 rate). The lower capacity may be explained by the fact that some of the polysulfide species were lost during cell re-assembly. Chapter 3: S8 electrode on NwC 106PDF Image | Accumulateur Lithium Soufre
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