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Polymer Bulletin Fig. 1 SEM of a PAN fibers obtained after electrospinning; b PAN fibers after carbonization (carbon nanofibers) Fig. 2 a SEM of carbon nanofibers and histogram of diameter distribution of carbon nanofibers small thickness, of around (0.044±0.0078) mm. After the carbonization process, this material exhibited black color and fragile behavior (brittle) and weight loss of approximately 75%. Figure 1a presents the morphology of PAN fiber after being electrospinned for 12 h, and Fig. 1b shows the same fiber after carbonization, which creates car- bon nanofibers, both measured by scanning electron microscopy. As evidenced in Fig. 1a, PAN mats are composed by well-defined and spaced fibers, overlapped in random positions, forming various planes. However, Fig. 1b shows a more consist- ent structure, brought about by the carbonization of the PAN fibers into carbon fib- ers. Strictly speaking, in this case, it is noticed a more compact material, with the distinction of one fiber to another being highly difficult. Figure 2a presents the same carbon nanofiber, analyzed in higher magnification. This figure also displays the presence of separated and well-defined fibers, superimposed in several planes. It can also be noted that, due to both the visible reduction in the fibers’ diameters after 13PDF Image | Carbon nanofibers obtained from electrospinning process
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