Carbonization of Electrospun PAN Nanofibers

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Carbonization of Electrospun PAN Nanofibers ( carbonization-electrospun-pan-nanofibers )

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PoPlyomlyemrser2s02022,21,41,47,2x1FOR PEER REVIEW 5 5ofof98 Figure 3. (A) Average nanofiber diameters and (B) numbers of broken nanofiber ends counted in the Figure 3. (A) Average nanofiber diameters and (B) numbers of broken nanofiber ends counted in 2 HthIMeHimIMagiemsawgietshwaifitheladfioefldvioefwvioefw30of×3030×μ30mμm,a2s,ashsoshwonwiniFnigFuigruer2e.2T.hTehye-ysc‐saclealiesilsolgoagraitrhitmhmici.cA. ◦ teAmtpemerpateurraetuorfe2o8f028C0 °rCeferersfetros thoethsteasbtialibzielidzesdamsapmlepsl.es. 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Wshhruilnektehne,nGobrantdrenisdrteolawteadrdtso 2 insm-palallneerbdoianmd-esterrestcahfitnegr mthoertimonalotfrpeatimrseonftsdpuehytobraidsiizgendifcicaarbnotnmaatsosmlsostsh.eTDhebadniadmsteetmers frdoimstrdibeufeticotnssi,natshienadriocamteadticbyrinthgesetrurocrtubraerso,fdthoengortadpihffieterslaigttnicifeicoarndtloym,eaitinhebro.uTnhdisareiesuslotf gsrhaopwhistethcarytsatlallsliutebst[r2a5te,26m].atTehriearlsatuioseId/arIetwheulslsguivitesdthtoepraretisoerovfedtihsoerndaenreodsctopoicrdfiebrerd gmraoprhpihtioclodgoymianintesr,mi.es.,oaf dmiaeamseutrer,fotorpcorygsrataplhliyniatyndofhtohmeosagmenpelietys,dwuirtihnghihgehaetrtcrreyastmtaellnint.ity beingTinhdeicfiaxtaetdiobnyoafltohweenrarnaotifoibIer/sIto[t2h7e].sIunbtsetrreasteinsgulryf,aFciegguerene5rsahteoswms encohtaonilcyalintecnresaiosinsg DG DG cdryusrtianlglinhietyatfotreaintmcrenats,inwghcicahrbeovneinzatutiaolnlyteomppoesreattuhree,dbeufotramlsaotiodnif.feItrehnacsesalbretawdyeebnetehne ◦ ssuhboswtrante[2m2,2a3te]rtihaalst.thWishcilaentlheeadhitgohbersetackraygsetaollfininitdyivisidrueaclhCeNdFfso.rFcigarubroen3iBzathtiuosnsahto1w20s0theC ◦ unsuinmgbTeirsoufbbsrtoraktens,nsaimnoifliabrevraelnudes, waserceouanlstoedreianctheedHaItMlowimeargtesmspheorwatnuirnesFoigfu8r0e02.CInfoar ◦ ctayrpbiocnailzlyathioanveatle5n0g0thCs iin tahnearlaunmgeinupmtosamndilwlimicheterers,umlteadkingatvhaeluperoobfaabpilpitryoxo.f 1s.e2e[in23g], i.feib.,earleonwdesrincriymsataglelsinoiftyonthlyan30foμumndedfgoertlehnegmtha(tcefr.iFalisgursed2)ivnetrhyelorwec.entstudy. Itcanbe concluTdhedretihsantothgenmereatlatlrseundbsvtrisaitbel,eproegssairbdliyngthtrhoeuignhcrceatsaelyortidc eaccrteiavsiteyoifnthtehenupmyrboelryosifs rebaroctkieon,nhanasofaibseirgsnwifiitchanintcerfefaescitnogntrtehaetmdengtretemopf ecraytsutraell.iFzoartitohne otiftatnhieumCNsuF,bwstrhaitcehs,mthaey abllroowkesnimenildasr crelesaurlltys itnocbreaosbetwaiinthedhiagthmerucahrblowniezrateiomnptemraptuereatvuiraesu; hbostwraetveevr,atrhiaetoiopnp.o‐ siteTtroenindviessvtigsiabtleetfhoercthemcoipcapleprrsoupbesrttriaetse,si.eT.h,tihseisgprraedsuamlarebmlyodvuaelotofothxeysgteanti-sftuicnacltivoanra‐l giraonucpesb,eFtTwIeRenspdeicftferoresncotpsaymwpalespregrifonrmsiend.coTnhnecrteisounltwsiathretdheplimcteitdedinsiFzieguofreth5e.HAIfMter thperCfeuctsCubNsFtrmataeta,nedaerlvyenofobro5k0e0nnCafnoorfitbherSeinsdusbasrteravties.ibMlesaisnucreinelgecItr/oIspuanftenrainnocfipbieernst ◦ sitmabaigliezsa,ttihouns,tnhoegceunrevreaslizminegascuornecdluosniondsifcfearnebnetdsurabwstnrahtesrea[r2e4]m.ostlysimilar.Thewell- −1 −1 knownOvperaaklsl, othcceuhrigahroeustnndu8m00becrms of b(arorokmenateincdCs−arHe reinagchbeednwdiinthg tvhiebrsatationnless)s, 1s5te7e5l csmub‐ −1 −1 (Cst=raNtea,nwdhCil=eCthsetrSeitcwhainfegrvsiebermatsiotnos)b,e1,3i7n0tchmis reg(Car–dH, idefaolrlymsautiotend),faonrdst1a2b4i0lizcamtion(aCn–dO vinbcriaptieontscdaurbeotnoizoaxtyiognenatcr5o0s0sl°iCn.king between the polymer chains) [9,28]. PBuerseidceasrbtohne smhorwphsonlogpye,atkhseadteagllreaessitoifscalrmbonstizcahtieomnicaanldlycirnyesrttal[l2in9,i3ty0]a. rAesccruanciable sdeenterinmFiniganutrse o5fBt,hoenmlyeCchNanFicalrbaonndizeeledctorincaTliparnodpeSritiseusbosftrtahtesCsNhFowobstiaginesdo.fFriegsuirdeu4al 2 ApTlRancerybsotnadl)‐.sItnreptcahritnicgumlaor,tiCoNnFofcaprabirosnoizfesdpohnyTbirsidhiozwedpcraornbounnacteodmbsatnhdesDbebtawnedesnte1m70s0 −1 afnrdom10d0e0feccmts in, twhheiacrhomisactoicnsrisntgenstrwucituhrtehoefltohweegsrtadpehgitreelaottficeryosrtdalolimniatiyn, absoudnedtearrmieisnoefd ◦ fushnocwtiosnRaalmgraonuspsecatfrtaerincathrbeoDnibzantidon(aartou50n0d 1C35(0thcemar)tiafnadctGnebaarn2d1(0a0rocumnd 1v5i8s0ibclme fo)r straeigniloenssostfetehlesstetambsilifzroemdatnhdecinacrbomonpizletdelnyacnoomfipbernsmaatetds.sWtrhoinlegtahbesGorpbatinodniosfrtehlaetdediatmooin‐d bgyraRpahmitaencrsypsetacltlriotessco[2p5y,.26S].imThilearlayt,ioinIcDi/pIGietnhtucsagribvoensizthaetiorantiaoto5f0d0isoCrdienreadn taoluomrdienruedm sganradpwhictihcdreosmualtiends,in.e.n,eaamrleyascuormepfolertcerlysvtaalnlinisihtyedofptheaekssaminptlhese,wpriethvihoiugshesrtucrdyst[a2l3li]n.itAyt hbigehinegricnadrbicoanteizdabtiyoanltoewmeprerraattiuorIeDs/InGo[2d7]i.sItnintectrebsatindgslyw,Ferigeuorbes5ersvheodw(sFnigoutroen5lyCi)n.creasing crystallinity for increasing carbonization temperature, but also differences between the ◦ −1 −1 −1 DG

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