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Effect of Thermal Stabilization on PAN-Derived Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers

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Effect of Thermal Stabilization on PAN-Derived Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers ( effect-thermal-stabilization-pan-derived-electrospun-carbon- )

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Polymers 2021, 13, 4197 11 of 13 References ther engineering of this material aiming to reach even higher performances. The interesting characteristics including the mechanical robustness of PAN-derived carbon fibers would make possible the industrial fabrication of large area, self-standing membranes which could reduce CO2 emissions from large point emission sources with minimal intervention on plants. Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/ 10.3390/polym13234197/s1; Figure S1: Survey spectra of (a) CNF_230 and (b) CNF_260; Figure S2: CO2 adsorption isotherms of the as-spun (namely, AS, i) and stabilized mats (namely, STAB, ii) in pure CO2 atmosphere; Figure S3: Histogram of the total amount of adsorbed CO2 (mmol g−1 and wt.%) for each sample. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, L.L., E.M., S.F. and C.G.; data acquisition and methodol- ogy, E.M., L.L. and M.B.; writing, S.F., M.B., E.M. and G.M.; review and editing, all authors; funding, C.F.P., G.S. and C.G.; supervision, C.F.P. and C.G. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was partially funded by the RECODE project, GA 768583. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author. Acknowledgments: The RECODE project received funding from the EU’s H2020 (R&I) program under GA 768583. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 1. U.S.E.P. Agency Overview of Greenhouse Gases Emissions in 2019. Available online: https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/ overview-greenhouse-gases (accessed on 27 November 2021). 2. Chu, S.; Cui, Y.; Liu, N. The path towards sustainable energy. Nat. Mater. 2016, 16, 16–22. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 3. Schmittner, A.; Oschlies, A.; Matthews, H.D.; Galbraith, E.D. Future changes in climate, ocean circulation, ecosystems, and biogeochemical cycling simulated for a business-as-usual CO2 emission scenario until year 4000 AD. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 2008, 22, 1–21. [CrossRef] 4. Turner, D.A.; Williams, I.D.; Kemp, S. Greenhouse gas emission factors for recycling of source-segregated waste materials. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2015, 105, 186–197. [CrossRef] 5. Amponsah, N.Y.; Troldborg, M.; Kington, B.; Aalders, I.; Hough, R.L. Greenhouse gas emissions from renewable energy sources: A review of lifecycle considerations. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2014, 39, 461–475. [CrossRef] 6. Yu, C.H.; Huang, C.H.; Tan, C.S. A review of CO2 capture by absorption and adsorption. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2012, 12, 745–769. [CrossRef] 7. Li, B.; Duan, Y.; Luebke, D.; Morreale, B. Advances in CO2 capture technology: A patent review. Appl. Energy 2013, 102, 1439–1447. [CrossRef] 8. Stowe, H.M.; Hwang, G.S. Fundamental Understanding of CO2 Capture and Regeneration in Aqueous Amines from First- Principles Studies: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2017, 56, 6887–6899. [CrossRef] 9. Koytsoumpa, E.I.; Bergins, C.; Kakaras, E. The CO2 economy: Review of CO2 capture and reuse technologies. J. Supercrit. Fluids 2018, 132, 3–16. [CrossRef] 10. Jiménez, V.; Ramirez-Lucas, A.; Diaz, J.A.; Sanchez, P.; Romero, A. CO2 Capture in Diff rent Carbon Materials. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012, 46, 7407–7414. [CrossRef] 11. Lin, Z.; Yang, J.; Jia, X.; Li, Y.; Song, H. Polydopamine/FeOOH-modified interface in carbon cloth/polyimide composites for improved mechanical/tribological properties. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2020, 243, 122677. [CrossRef] 12. Zhang, H.; Tan, Y.; Luo, X.D.; Sun, C.Y.; Chen, N. Polarization Effects of a Rayon and Polyacrylonitrile Based Graphite Felt for Iron-Chromium Redox Flow Batteries. ChemElectroChem 2019, 6, 3175–3188. [CrossRef] 13. Ahmed, F.E.; Lalia, B.S.; Hashaikeh, R. A review on electrospinning for membrane fabrication: Challenges and applications. Desalination 2015, 356, 15–30. [CrossRef] 14. Ramakrishna, S.; Fujihara, K.; Teo, W.E.; Yong, T.; Ma, Z.; Ramaseshan, R. Electrospun nanofibers: Solving global issues. Mater. Today 2006, 9, 40–50. [CrossRef] 15. Teo, W.E.; Ramakrishna, S. A review on electrospinning design and nanofibre assemblies. Nanotechnology 2006, 17, R89. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

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