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43 iv.acarbonnano-fiber,nano-wire,metaloxidenano-wire orfiber,conductivepolymernano-fiber,oracombina 44 nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co),manganese (Mn),titanium (Ti),iron(Fe),andcadmium (Cd); (c)aloysorintermetaliccompoundsofSi,Ge,Sn,Pb, vi.afunctionalmaterialcontainingacarbonyl,carbox- 5 ylic,oraminegrouptoreversiblycapturesulfur; and combinations thereof. 7.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim 1,wherein said rope-shapedbateryhasafirstendandasecondendandsaid10 firstelectrodecontainsafirsterminalconectorcomprising atleastonemetalicwire,conductivecarbon/graphitefiber, orconductivepolymerfiberthatisembededin,conected to,orintegralwithsaidfirstelectrode. aloysorcompoundsarestoichiometricornon-stoi chiometric; (d)oxides,carbides,nitrides,sulfides,phosphides,sele nides,andteluridesofSi,Ge,Sn,Pb,Sb,Bi,Zn,Al, Fe,Ni,Co, Ti,Mn,or Cd,and theirmixtures or composites; (e)pre-lithiatedorpre-sodiatedversionsthereof; (f)pre-lithiatedorpre-sodiatedgrapheneshets; andcombinationsthereof. 18.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim 17,wherein US 9,905,856 B1 tionthereof; V.acarbonyl-containingorganicorpolymericmolecule; Sb,Bi,Zn,Al,orCdwithotherelements,whereinsaid 8.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim 7,whereinsaid Whereinsaid15said pre-lithiated orpre-sodiated graphene shets are atleastonemetalicwire,conductivecarbon/graphitefiber, orconductivepolymerfiberrunsapproximatelyfromsaid ofpristinegraphene,grapheneoxide,reducedgraphene firstend to said second end. oxide, graphene fluoride,graphene chloride,graphene bro 9.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim1,whereinsaid mide,grapheneiodide,hydrogenatedgraphene,nitroge rope-shapedbateryhasafirstendandasecondendandsaid 20natedgraphene,boron-dopedgraphene,nitrogen-dopedgra secondelectrodecontainsasecondterminalconectorcom phene,chemicalyfunctionalizedgraphene,aphysicalyor prisingatleastonemetalicwire,conductivecarbon/graph- chemicalyactivatedoretchedversionthereof,andcombi itefiber,orconductivepolymerfiberthatisembeddedin, nationsthereof. connected to,orintegralwith saidsecond electrode. 19.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim 1,whereinone 10.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim 9,wherein 25ofsaidfirstorsecondelectrodeactivematerialcontainsan saidatleastonemetallicwire,conductivecarbon/graphite alkaliintercalationcompoundselectedfrompetroleumcoke, fiber,orconductivepolymerfiberrunsaproximatelyfrom carbonblack,amorphouscarbon,activatedcarbon,hard saidfirstendtosaidsecondend. carbon,softcarbon,templated carbon,holow carbon 1.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim1,wherein nanowires,hollowcarbonsphere,naturalgraphite,artificial saidelectricalyconductiveporousrodinthefirstorthe30graphite,lithium orsodium titanate,NaTi,(PO4)2, secondelectrodecontainsaporousfoamselectedfromthe NaTiz07,Na2C2H404,NaTP,Na,TiO2(x=0.2to1.0), groupconsistingofmetalfoam,metalweb,metalfibermat, Na2C2H404,carboxylatebasedmaterials,CHNa204, metalnanowiremat,conductivepolymerfibermat,conduc- CH.04,C2H3NaO4,CzNaF404,C10H_Na_02,C14H406, tivepolymerfoam,conductivepolymer-coatedfiberfoam, C14H_Na_02,oracombinationthereof. carbonfoam,graphitefoam,carbonaerogel,carbonxerogel,35 20.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim1,wherein grapheneaerogel,graphenefoam,grapheneoxidefoam, saidfirstelectrolyteand/orsaidsecondelectrolytecontains reducedgrapheneoxidefoam,carbonfiberfoam,graphite alithiumsaltorsodiumsaltdisolvedinaliquidsolventand fiberfoam,exfoliatedgraphitefoam,andcombinations whereinsaidliquidsolventiswater,anorganicsolvent,an thereof. ionicliquid,amixtureofanorganicsolventandanionic 12.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim 1,wherein 40liquid,oraliquidsolvent-polymergel. saidporousfoamhasacros-sectionthatiscircular,eliptic, 21.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim20,wherein rectangular,square,hexagon,hollow,orirregularinshape. saidaqueouselectrolytecontainsasodiumsaltoralithium 13.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbatteryofclaim 1,wherein saltdissolvedinwateroramixtureofwaterandalcohol. said electricalyconductiveporousrodinthefirstorthe 22.Thealkalimetal-ionbateryofclaim 21,whereinsaid secondelectrodecontainsaconductivepolymerfiber,a45sodium saltorlithium saltisselected from thegroup carbon/graphitefiber,afibertow,fiberyarn,fiberbraid,fiber consistingofNa,SO4,Li,SO4,NaOH,LiOH,NaCl,LiCl, knitstructurethatismadeofaconductivepolymer,carbon NaF,LiF,NaBr,LiBr,Nal,Lil,andmixturesthereof. fiber,graphitefiber,andcombinationsthereof. 23.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim 20,wherein 14.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim1,wherein saidorganicsolventisselectedfromthegroupconsistingof saidbateryhasaropeshapehavingalengthandadiameter50 1,3-dioxolane(DOL),1,2-dimethoxyethane(DME),tetra orthicknesandalength/thicknesorlength/diameteraspect ethyleneglycoldimethylether(TEGDME),poly(ethylene ratiogreaterthan10. glycol)dimethylether(PEGDME),diethyleneglycoldibu 15.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim1,wherein tylether(DEGDBE),2-ethoxyethylether(EEE),sulfone, saidbateryhasaropeshapehavingalengthandadiameter sulfolane,ethylenecarbonate(EC),dimethylcarbonate orthicknesandalength/thicknesorlength/diameteraspect5(DMC),methylethylcarbonate(MEC),diethylcarbonate ratiogreaterthan20. (DEC),ethylpropionate,methylpropionate,propylenecar 16.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim1,wherein bonate(PC),gamma-butyrolactone(y-BL),acetonitrile saidfirstelectrodeorsecondelectrodecontainsparticles, (AN),ethylacetate(EA),propylformate(PF),methyl foil,orcoatingofLi,Na,oracombinationthereofasan formate(MF),toluene,xylene,methylacetate(MA),fluo electrodeactivematerial. 60 roethylenecarbonate(FEC),vinylenecarbonate(VC),alyl 17.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim1,wherein ethylcarbonate(AEC),ahydrofloroether,andcombinations saidfirstorsecondelectrodeactivematerialisananode thereof. activematerialselectedfrom thegroupconsistingof: 24.Thealkalimetal-sulfurbateryofclaim 20,wherein (a)particlesofnaturalgraphite,artificialgraphite,meso saidorganicelectrolytecontainsanalkalimetalsaltselected carbonmicrobeads(MCMB),andcarbon; 65 from thegroupconsistingoflithium perchlorate(LiCIOA), (b)silicon(Si),germanium (Ge),tin(Sn),lead(Pb), lithiumhexafluorophosphate(LiPF),lithiumborofluoride antimony(Sb),bismuth(Bi),zinc(Zn),aluminum(Al), (LiBF2),lithiumhexafluoroarsenide(LiAsF),lithiumtrif selected from the group consisting of pre -lithiated versionsPDF Image | FLEXIBLE AND SHAPE-CONFORMAL ROPE-SHAPE ALKALI METAL-SULFUR BATTERIES
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