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xiv Preface Many intermetallic compounds based on rare earth and actinide ele- ments display unusual electronic and magnetic properties in that standard Fermi liquid theory is not applicable. However, theoretical developments have shown that these properties can be rationalized within the frame of the “quantum-phase transition” (QPT) concept. In this chapter the authors discuss quantum criticality, the notion that properties of a material are governed by the existence of a phase transition at zero temperature. The point where a second-order (continuous) phase transition takes place is known as a quantum critical point (QCP). Materials that exhibit quantum critical points can be tuned through their QPT by, for example, pressure, chemical doping or disorder, frustration, and magnetic field. The study of QPTs was initially theoretically driven, showing that high-temperature properties of a material with a QPT are directly influenced by the proper- ties of the QCP itself. The chapter starts by discussing the predictions of quantum critical and Hertz–Millis (H–M) theories. Experimentally, the authors mainly limit themselves to f-electron-based materials: the rare earths Li(Ho,Y)F4, Ce(Cu,Au)6, and YbRh2Si2, the cerium series Ce(Co,Rh,Ir)In5, and one actinide-based material, URu2Si2. These heavy fermion 4f or 5f metals rep- resent prototype materials of quantum critical matter, and their experimen- tal signatures are critically reviewed as well as their evolving theoretical descriptions. The authors then elaborate on the shortcomings of H–M the- ory and list attempts toward better theories. Difficulties arising in hidden QCPs evidence the challenges and opportunities associated with the concept of QPT. The review concludes with the description of other manifestations of QPTs beyond the rare earths and actinides. CHAPTER 281: LANTHANIDES IN LUMINESCENT THERMOMETRY C.D.S. Brites*, A. Milla ́n†, and L.D. Carlos* *CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. E-mail: lcarlos@ua.pt †ICMA—Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Arago ́n, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, SpainPDF Image | HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS
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