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4 Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths The literature reviewed here is meant to be as comprehensive as possible although it is restricted to entries which are academically and/or technologi- cally important and valuable. Each phosphor quoted in the review is accom- panied with excitation and emission spectra as well as its crystal structure and, if possible, some crystallographic data to understand how/where the emission centers are located in the crystal. Among numerous physical data that have already been reported in the literatures, reliable data are tabulated in Section 7 as a useful source of information on phosphors. 2 WHAT IS LED LIGHTING? 2.1 Principle of White Light Generation in LEDs In 1996, a new lighting device was proposed by Nichia Chemical Co., using a blue InGaN LED chip coated with a yellow-emitting phosphor of yttrium aluminum garnet (Y2.9Ce0.1Al5O12, YAG:Ce3+) (Nakamura and Fasol, 1997). A schematic structure of this device is shown in Fig. 2A. Blue light with wave- length around 450 nm (varying from 420 to 480 nm depending on the composi- tion of In1xGaxN), is emitted by the driving chip through electron–hole AB Epoxy resin YAG:Ce phosphor LED chip Gold wire C 300 400 Wavelength (nm) 200 500 600 700 FIG. 2 LED-base lighting device. (A) A schematic structure of the device, (B) represents images for excitation and emission spectra of YAG:Ce3+ phosphor, and (C) represents an image of the emission spectra of the device. 350 450 550 650 Wavelength (nm) 750 Excitation spectrum Emission spectrum Relative intensity (a.u.) Relative intensity (a.u.)PDF Image | HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS
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