HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS

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HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS ( handbook-onphysics-and-chemistry-rare-earths )

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176 Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths TABLE 8 Chemical Compositions of Zircon Grains from Various Rocks (Hoshino et al., 2010, 2012a) Occurrence Malawi Saigon Nakano Oro Granitic Host Rocks Carbonatitea Alkaline Basalt Granite Pegmatite P2O5 (wt.%) – – – 1.65 SiO2 36.4 34.57 33.85 22.66 ZrO2 63.45 64.6 62.86 39.69 HfO2 0.81 0.82 2.09 1.94 ThO2 – – – 1.71 UO2 – – – 2.4 Al2O3 – – – 0.89 Sc2O3 – – – 0.31 Y2O3 – – 0.25 10.68 Dy2O3 – – – 1.22 Er2O3 – – – 1.75 Tm2O3 – – – 0.51 Yb2O3 – – – 3.27 Lu2O3 – – – 0.69 CaO – – – 0.96 FeO – – 0.28 0.8 Sum 100.66 99.99 99.33 91.13b Total HREE2O3 – – 0.25 18.43 aHoshino (unpublished data). bThe low total is due to hydration. (Hoshino et al., 2012a). Fig. 22 shows the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns of three zircon samples from different localities that suggest various crystallinity of zircon: from high crystallinity to fully amorphous. Because zircon has high density and is resistant to chemical weathering, it is concen- trated with other refractory minerals in placer deposits, principally in river and beach sands (Abdel-Rehim, 2005; Orris and Grauch, 2002; Sengupta and Van Gosen, 2016). Leaching experiments using zircon samples with dif- ferent crystallinity indicate that extraction of HREEs from low crystallinity zircon using dilute hydrochloric acid is much easier compared to the highly crystalline zircon (Hoshino et al., 2012a).

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