HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS

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HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS ( handbook-onphysics-and-chemistry-rare-earths )

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TABLE 10 Classification of Rare Earth Deposits Deposit Type Economic Remarks Mineralogy Genetic Model Main or by-Production, or Potential Resource Representative Deposits Carbonatite The bastnäsite-(Ce) ores are high grade (generally >4 wt.% REO), enriched in LREEs. Apatite ores are low in grade (<1.5 wt.%), but relatively enriched in HREEs. Weathering may upgrade the ores, but change mineralogy complex Bastnäsite-(Ce), Synchysite-(Ce), monazite-(Ce), apatite Primary magmatic– hydrothermal, but weathering may upgrade the deposits to economic level Main or by-production of iron, niobium, phosphorus Bayan Obo (China). Mountain Pass (United States), Mount Weld (Australia), Araxa ́ (Brazil), Catala ̃o (Brazil) Peralkaline-rock associated Generally low grade (<2 wt.% REO), some enriched in HREEs. Some associated with nepheline syenite and some with alkaline granite. Complex mineralogy Loparite, eudialyte, mosandrite, zircon, fergusonite-(Y), xenotime-(Y) Magmatic and/or hydrothermal By-production of niobium, zirconium, or main Lovozero (Russia), Dubbo (Australia), Ilimaussaq (Greenland), Noora Karr (Sweden), Kipawa (Canada), Strange Lake (Canada), Nechalacho (Canada), Bokan (United States) Iron oxide– apatite Generally low grade (<2 wt.%) but apatite could be recovered from mine tailing. LREE rich Apatite Magmatic or hydrothermal By-production of iron Kirunavaara (Sweden), Pea Ridge (United States), Mineville (United States) Continued

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