HIGH STRENGTH CARBON NANOFIBERS DERIVED FROM ELECTROSPUN POLYACRYLONITRILE

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HIGH STRENGTH CARBON NANOFIBERS DERIVED FROM ELECTROSPUN POLYACRYLONITRILE ( high-strength-carbon-nanofibers-derived-from-electrospun-pol )

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Figure 3.2. Mechanical behavior of PAN nanofibers for different electrospinning conditions. The legend entries (in order) are voltage (kV), collector distance (cm) and nanofiber diameter (nm) [57]. ...................................................... 24 Figure 3.3. DSC scans of PAN nanofibers stabilized at 250°C, 275°C and 300°C for 1 hr. ...................................................................................................................... 26 Figure 3.4. FTIR spectra of as-spun PAN nanofibers, 300°C stabilized nanofibers and nanofibers carbonized at 800°C. .................................................................. 27 Figure 3.5. (a) SEM image of aligned and continuous carbon nanofibers. (b) TEM image showing the range of carbon nanofiber diameters with homogeneous cross- sections without any evidence of skin-core structure. ................................. 28 Figure 3.6. TEM images of carbon nanofibers carbonized at (a) 800°C, (b) 1100°C, (c) 1400°C and (d) 1700°C showing the increasing size of turbostratic carbon crystallites. ................................................................................................... 29 Figure 3.7. (a) Tensile strength vs. nanofiber diameter for different carbonization temperatures. (b) Average nanofiber strength vs. carbonization temperature. ...................................................................................................................... 31 Figure 3.8. (a) Elastic modulus vs. nanofiber diameter, and (b) average elastic modulus vs. carbonization temperature. ..................................................................... 32 Figure 3.9. TEM images of a carbon nanofiber carbonized at 1400°C showing randomly oriented densely packed turbostratic carbon crystallites. ............................ 35 vi

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