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Table 1.1. Properties of commercial PAN derived carbon fibers, where d is the fiber diameter, is its density, TS is the fiber tensile strength, E is the elastic modulus along the fiber axis, and b is the fiber elongation [21]. d (m) (g/cm3) TS (GPa) E (GPa) b (%) Manufacturer Fiber Designation Amoco BASF Grafil Inc. Hercules Toho Rayon T-50 T-650/35 T-300 Celion G30-500 Grafil 34-700 Magnamite-IM7 Magnamite-AS4 Besfight-HTA Torayca M40J Torayca-T300 6.5 1.81 2.90 6.8 1.77 4.55 7.0 1.76 3.45 7.0 1.78 3.79 6.9 1.80 4.50 5.0 1.80 5.30 8.0 1.79 4.00 7.0 1.77 3.72 6.0 1.77 4.41 7.0 1.75 3.53 390 0.70 241 1.80 231 1.40 234 1.62 234 1.90 303 1.80 221 1.60 235 1.60 377 1.20 230 1.50 Toray Industries Zussman et al. were among the first to report on PAN derived carbon nanofibers [18]. They presented tensile strength values in the range 0.32 - 0.9 GPa and an average Young’s modulus of 63 ± 7 GPa, which are about 6 times lower than those of microscale carbon fibers. They identified the fiber skin-core cross-sectional structure as the origin of the low mechanical properties [18]. Similarly, Zhou et al. reported on nanofiber bundles with 300-600 MPa tensile strength and 40 - 60 GPa Young’s modulus, which showed increasing trends with carbonization temperature between 1000 - 2200°C but they were 3PDF Image | HIGH STRENGTH CARBON NANOFIBERS DERIVED FROM ELECTROSPUN POLYACRYLONITRILE
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